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Updated February 2006
Missile Chronology
1985-1989
January 1985
China announces over state radio that it intends to develop a new anti-ship missile by 1989. According to the commentary, the Chinese are developing new missiles that will be supersonic, fly at sea-skimming altitudes, and have a long range capability.
— "China (PRC): New Navy Tactical Missiles," Defense & Foreign Affairs, January 1985, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
12 January 1985
The United States reaches an agreement to sell China anti-submarine and anti-missile defense systems. The hardware is to include the Phalanx anti-missile system.
— Wayne Biddleb and John F. Burns, "U.S. Said to Plan to Sell Naval Weapons to China," New York Times, 13 January 1985, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
March 1985
The Chinese government announces that it has the nuclear capabilities to counter a surprise nuclear attack. This is based on its ballistic missile capabilities, which include ICBMs and IRBMs.
— Clare Hollingworth, "China's Growing Missile Might," Defense and Foreign Affairs, March 1985, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
1 April 1985
Aviation Week& Space Technology reports that on October 1 of last year, the Chinese government unveiled a submarine-based ballistic missile at National Day celebrations. The missile is under development for use on the Chinese navy's Xia-class nuclear submarines, each of which is expected to carry 16 operational missiles. A developmental version of the CSS-NX4, a single-stage missile, was test fired from a submerged submarine in late 1982 and the missile hit a target area about 900 nautical miles away. Operational range is expected to be 1,600-2,000 nautical miles.
— "Chinese Develop Single-Stage Submarine-Launched Ballistic Missile," Aviation Week & Space Technology, 1 April 1985, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
7 April 1985
Chinese officials leave for a summit with Soviet leaders. The Chinese maintain that Soviet troop deployment along the Sino-Soviet border, Soviet missile deployment aimed at China and Soviet involvement in Afghanistan remain barricades to normalization of relations between the two states.
— "China Sends Negotiating Team to Moscow for Renewed Talks," Christian Science Monitor, 8 April 1985, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
June 1985
China and Iran agree to a contract for China to sell 200 Silkworm ground-to-ground missiles worth $250 million dollars to Iran. Arms brokers in Tehran said China also delivered 120 HQ2J surface-to-air missiles. Chinese officials have denied the sales.
— "Asian news-China; China Agrees to Sell200 Missiles to Iran, Paper says," Japan Economic Newswire, 29 June 1987, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
17 June 1985
At the Paris air show, China displays new missile and weapons technology. Included in the display is the HQ-2J surface-to-air missile, based on the Soviet SA-2 guideline, a two-stage weapon with a length of 10.8 meters (35.5 feet). Fist stage is 0.654 meters (2.1 ft) in diameter and is powered by a solid propellant rocket motor. The HQ-2J weighs 19.3 kilograms, and bursts into 12,000 fragments. It is claimed to be lethal within 6 meters of the blast radius. Also included are the HY-2 anti-ship missiles, which can be fired from a portable land-based launcher. It is a winged missile with a length of 7.36 meters (24.14 ft.) and a diameter of 0.76 meters (2.49 ft.). Weight is 2,998 kg. (6,610 lb.). Chinese officials said the HY-2 is launched by solid boosters and is powered to the target at high subsonic speeds by a liquid motor. The HY-2G version has active radar homing and uses a radio altimeter to reduce the cruise altitude. The HY-2A uses passive infrared homing. Maximum effective range of the HY-2 series is 95 km. (59 mi.) according to Chinese data. Warhead weight is 513 kg. (1,130 lb.), Chinese officials said. Typical operational range for the HY-2 is from 20 to 95 km. (12 to 59 mi.) at cruise speeds of Mach 0.9. The China Precision Machinery stand at the Paris air show also included a full-scale HN-5 shoulder-launched antiaircraft missile. The weapon is designed for use against low-altitude targets, and the missile flies at a speed of 500 meters/sec. (1,640 fps.).
— "Chinese Display Tactical Weapons Available for Coproduction, Export," Aviation Week & Space Technology, 17 June 1985, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
8 July 1985
China is seeking a foreign customer for its proposed C101 ship-launched anti-ship missile, and is offering to develop the weapon with the customer in a cooperative effort. A scale model of the C101 was displayed on the China Precision Machinery Import/Export Corp. stand at the Paris air show. China's participation this year was its first in the Paris show.
— "China Offers Antiship Missile for Export, Joint Development," Aviation Week & Space Technology, 8 July 1985, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
22 July 1985
China has modified its Titan-class CZ-2 and CZ-3 rocket boosters by adding large tail fins and improving their rocket engines and electronics to provide more flight control and reliability to a vehicle they hope will be competitive in the international commercial launch market. The CZ-2/3 series that has launched 14 of China's 16 satellites is manufactured on a one-by-one custom basis as Chinese spacecraft near flight readiness rather than being produced on an assembly line to support long-term Chinese space mission planning. A U.S. space team visited the Shanghai plant that manufactures the Titan-class booster used both as a launch vehicle and as China's largest intercontinental ballistic missile capable of lofting a five-ton nuclear warhead 6,000 mi. Only about five of them have been deployed as ICBMs. The two-stage CZ-2 can place more than 5,000 lb. into a low Earth orbit and with an oxygen/hydrogen upper stage added to form the CZ-3 can place 3,080 lb. in geosynchronous transfer orbit.
— "Chinese Modify CZ-2/3 Rocket Boosters Focus on Commercial Launch Market," Aviation Week & Space Technology, 22 July 1985, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
21 September 1985
China announces it is preparing to launch a ''carrier rocket'' toward a target area in the East China Sea north of Taiwan. Western military experts said the test may involve a new cruise missile. The agency described the low-altitude missile as "China's Exocet," after the French weapon that proved so effective in the Falklands conflict between Britain and Argentina in 1982.
— Ron Redmond, "China May be Testing Cruise Missile," United Press International, 21 September 1985, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
28 January 1986
The Xinhua News Agency reports that the missile tests conducted last September "greatly increased the ...strategic capability" of an improved guided missile "and the number of targets within its range."
— "China Reports Improved Nuclear Missile Capability," Associated Press, 28 January 1986, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
17 February 1986
Aviation Week & Space Technology reports that China carried out a test launch of the DF-5 Intercontinental Ballistic Missile last September. Western intelligence analysts believe that this missile uses a multiple independent reentry vehicle (MIRV) type of nuclear warhead. The launch took place from Xichang launch facility in Sichuan Province in Southwest China.
— "China Test-Fires ICBM with New Nuclear Warhead," Aviation Week & Space Technology, 17 February 1986, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
4 November 1986
China hosts Asiandex '86, the largest international arms bazaar ever hosted by China. Chinese launch rockets and tactical missiles are on display, which also includes models of its missiles, fighters, tanks, mobile rocket launchers, machine guns, torpedoes, mortars, and other ordnance.
— "China Hosts Big Arms Bazaar," Journal of Commerce, 4 November 1986, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
15 January 1987
China unveils the Air Force's new B6-D bomber. The plane carries guided missiles under its wings for attack against enemy warships.
— "China shows its new bomber to the world," Toronto Post, 15 January 1987, in Lexis-Nexis, <www.lexis-nexis.com>
4 March 1987
In response to ongoing disarmament talks between the United States and the Soviet Union, China urges both states to include Asia in discussions on missile reduction. A Chinese Foreign Ministry official said, "We have consistently held that the reduction of the medium-range missiles deployed in Europe and Asia by the Soviet Union and the United States should be simultaneous and balanced and should be carried out according to the same principle until their total destruction." China is concerned that the reduction of nuclear missiles in Europe will simply mean a Soviet transfer of those missiles to Asia.
— "Chinese Want Missile Pact to Include Asia," United Press International, 4 March 1987, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
20 March 1987
U.S. military officials and analysts believe new Iranian missile batteries pose a serious threat to commercial shipping in the Persian Gulf. The HY-2 missiles are Chinese-built and carry 1,000 pounds of explosives. They are designed to attack ships from land. They have a range of 50 miles.
— "New Iranian Missiles May Cause US to Escort Tankers through Persian Gulf," The Associated Press, 20 March, 1987, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
4 May 1987
Hunag Hua, vice-chairman of the standing committee of the Chinese National People's Congress, denies reports that China has sold arms, including missiles, to Contras in Nicaragua. He calls the accusations "false and groundless." Huang stressed that no false reporting would harm the friendly relations between China and Nicaragua, Mexico, or the contadora group.
— "China Denies Reports of Chinese Arms Sale to "Contra,'" The Xinhua General Overseas News Service, 4 May, 1987, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
21 May 1987
Mounting tensions in the Persian Gulf are putting new pressure on China for missile sales to Iran. "The (Communist) Chinese decision to sell such weapons (Silkworm) to Iran is most unwelcome and disturbing," Assistant Secretary of State for Near East and South Asian Affairs Richard Murphy said. He went on to say that "We have made clear to both Iran and Red China the seriousness with which we consider the Silkworm threat." The State Department refuses to comment on whether or not the U.S. has lodged an official complaint directly with the Chinese.
— "Red China's Arms Sales to Iran Raise Alarm in U.S.," Central News Agency-Taiwan, 21 May 1987, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
26 May 1987
U.S. officials announce that China has shipped a second delivery of Silkworm anti-ship missiles to Iran. The Chinese missiles were delivered two weeks ago, adding to an arsenal provided by China in a shipment earlier in the year. "The missiles add dangerous dimensions to shipping in the Gulf," said U.S. officials under conditions of anonymity.
— "China Delivers New Anti-Ship Missiles to Iran," The Associated Press, 26 May 1987, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
27 May 1987
Chinese Foreign Ministry officials deny reports that China has been providing Iran with anti-ship Silkworm missiles. Speaking on the condition of anonymity, the Foreign Ministry spokesman said "it's not true," in commenting about the alleged missile sales.
— "China Denies Selling Anti-Ship Missiles to Iran," Associated Press, 27 May 1987, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
1 June 1987
It is believed that Iran and China are working towards an arms agreement to include missiles. Iran may have asked China to supply the HY-2, Silkworm, anti-ship missile to Iran.
— Jasper Becker, "Iran 'Asks China for more Missiles,'" The Guardian, 1 June 1987, in Lexis-Nexis, <www.lexis-nexis.com>.
5 June 1987
Arab leaders meet together to discuss what actions must be taken against China in response to Chinese aid to Iran in the Iran-Iraq war. Included in the allegations against China are reports that China has sold Silkworm anti-ship missiles to Iran. "Our policy of keeping strict neutrality in the Iran-Iraq war remains unchanged," a spokesman for the Chinese Foreign Ministry said. "Our position of not providing any weapons to Iran remains unchanged also." However, in a separate statement in April, Iran's ambassador to China, Alaeddin Borujerdi, did indicate Iran had received weapons from China, including missiles.
— Julian Baum, "Arabs Step up Criticism of China for Aiding Iran," Christian Science Monitor, 5 June 1987, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
6 June 1987
National Security Advisor Frank Carlucci says that the Chinese deny selling Silkworm anti-ship missiles to Iran. He also says that Iran has received "somewhere over 20 now and the (final) package is at least twice that size." He went on to say that although the Chinese deny the sales, "We think they are coming from China."
— "Carlucci Says China Denies Selling Missiles to Iran," Associated Press, 6 June 1987, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>; "Carlucci Says Chinese Will Double Missile Delivery to Iran," Associated Press, 6 June 1987, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
10 June 1987
White House Chief of Staff Howard Baker contradicts National Security Advisor Frank Carlucci by saying that he believes China's denial that they sold missiles to Iran. "I accept the Chinese government's statement that they did not give them or sell them to Iran. I do not dispute that." Shortly after the statement was released, an official said that Baker was mistaken. "We have no doubt the missiles are coming from China directly to Iran."
— "Baker Says He Believes China on Iran's Silkworm Missiles," United Press International, 10 June 1987, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
10 June 1987
Iranian officials claim to be domestically producing the Silkworm anti-ship missiles the U.S. government has accused China of selling to Iran. Amir Zamini, spokesman for the Iranian mission to the U.N., said that Iran had captured the missile from Iraq in an offensive 18 months ago. Responding to questions regarding how Iran built the missiles considering Iranian capabilities, he responded "Necessity is the mother of invention."
— "Iran Claims it Makes Silkworm Missile," United Press International, 10 June 1987, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
10 June 1987
Foreign Ministry Spokesman Li Jinhua denies Chinese sales of Silkworm missiles to Iran. "It is quite obvious that certain U.S. newspapers have kept on fabricating and spreading such irresponsible reports with ulterior motives," she said referring to reporting in U.S. newspapers on the Iran-Iraq war. "We have also noted that recently senior officials of a big power have also made similar remarks on several occasions. We are very surprised at that." A western diplomat responded by saying "China has held itself up as a leader in world disarmament, how can you say you're a leader and at the same time be a major arms supplier?"
— Lena Sun, "China Strongly Denies Selling Arms to Iran," Washington Post, 11 June 1987, at Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
27 June 1987
A new shipment of Chinese Badger bombers and Silkworm missiles arrives in Iraqi ports. Intelligence reports indicate that the latest shipment includes 30 crates for Silkworm missiles. The reports say that the shipment "completes a big order" of Chinese made arms that have been arriving in Iraq for the past several months. China is a major supplier to both sides during the Iran-Iraq war.
— Molly Moore, "China Sends New Weapons to Iraq," Washington Post, 27 June 1987, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
17 August 1987
Iran is said to have purchased $1.6 billion worth of Silkworm missiles and unsophisticated planes from China. The price of the Silkworms is reported at $600 million, with two different categories included, missiles with a 1,000 pound warhead and missiles with a 1,300 pound warhead.
— Iran Said to Have Purchased Arms from China," United Press International, 17 August 1987, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
14 September 1987
Iraq denies that Iran captured Chinese-made Silkworm missiles from Iraq in an offensive, as was claimed by Iranian officials. Saadoun Hammadi, president of Iraq's National Assembly, said in a statement. "The Iranians are absolutely not telling the truth when they say they have captured these missiles from Iraq."
— "Iraq Denies Iranian Claim on Capturing Silkworms," Associated Press, 14 September 1987, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
26 September 1987
In an interview with Tom Brokaw, Chinese Premier Zhao Ziyang says China has not sold any weapons to Iran. "We have repeatedly stated that China has not sold weapons Iran, and of course no missiles. China has all along been making efforts for an early end to the Iran-Iraq war. We will never do anything which is not in the interest of reconciliation between Iran and Iraq." He went on to say that China "will make our efforts to prevent the weapons China exports from being acquired by Iran or Iraq through other channels."
— "China Has Not Sold Weapons to Iran: Zhao," Xinhua General Overseas News Service, 28 September 1987, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>; Daniel Southerland, "China's Premier Says Beijing Seeks to Block Arms Sales to Iran, Iraq," Washington Post, 27 September 1987, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
1 October 1987
Shang-Yao Chi is arrested for allegedly conspiring to illegally export TOW and Sidewinder missiles, and blueprints for F-14 fighter jets to China. According to Assistant U.S. Attorney Mark S. Olinsky, Chi has links to "high-ranking members of the United Nations (Chinese) delegation and the People's Republic of China." According to the complaint, the negotiations were with an undercover federal agent, and that no missiles or plans changed hands.
— Daniel J. Wakin, "Plot to Export Missiles to China Alleged," Associated Press, 1 October 1987, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
21 October 1987
Shang-Yao Chi pleads innocent to charges that he tried to illegally sell U.S. missiles to China.
— Daniel J. Wakin, "Man Accused of Trying to Buy Missiles for Chinese Diplomats Pleads Innocent," Associated Press, 21 October 1987, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
22 October 1987
The U.S. moves to limit the sale of some high-technology items to China in retaliation for continued Chinese missile sales to Iran. State Department spokeswoman Phyllis Oakley announces: "During this period of rising tensions,...we have decided not to proceed for now with review of certain liberalization of high-technology export controls on the People's Republic of China." Senator Frank H. Murkowski asked the administration to review all transfers of U.S. military-related technology to show that the "continued transfer of Silkworm missiles to Iran may seriously jeopardize U.S.-China relations." Murkowski went on to say that he wants to "send a message that U.S. military sales should not, in my opinion, continue if China continues its Silkworm sales" to Iran.
— Henry Gotlieb, "U.S. Limits High-Tech Sales to Chinese Over Silkworms," Associated Press, 22 October 1987, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>; Molly Moore, "U.S. Reacts to Chinese Silkworm Sale; Technology Transfer Delayed; Senate Seeks to Review Arms Deal," Washington Post, 23 October, 1987, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
23 October 1987
China says the U.S. was "not reasonable" in imposing sanctions on high-tech sales in response to alleged continued sale of Chinese missiles to Iran. The Xinhua News Agency says that it "is not reasonable at all for the United States to halt the review of relaxing controls of high-tech exports to China under the pretext of mounting tensions in the Gulf."
— Jim Abrams, "China Condemns Sanctions on Iranian Missiles," Associated Press, 23 October 1987, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
2 November 1987
Chinese Premier Zhao Ziyang attacks the U.S. for criticism of China's human rights record in Tibet and for accusing China of selling missiles to Iran. Zhao said the U.S. charges "are not only harsh words, but these words are completely groundless. It's unfair to shift the responsibility of the intensification of the tensions in the gulf region to China."
— "Zhao Blasts U.S. Criticism on Silkworms, Tibet," Associated Press, 2 November 1987, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
3 November 1987
China pledges to take strict measures to ensure that Chinese-made Silkworm missiles are not diverted to Iran. Undersecretary of State Michael Armacost says "Our objective is to put the issue behind us," upon the completion of a three-day visit for talks with Chinese vice Foreign Minister Zhu Qizhen. "Our concern, obviously, is that weapons of Chinese origin, however they are delivered to Iran, hit American-flagged ships and injure Americans, and also are directed against friendly countries in the (Persian) gulf."
— Jane Macartney, "China to Act against Missile Diversion," United Press International, 3 November 1987, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
4 November 1987
China accuses U.S. officials and the American media of spreading "groundless rumors" in alleging that China was selling arms to Iran. "The U.S. press has been trying to give the international community the impression as if China had become the biggest arms supplier for Iran and has been spreading such rumors," said Li Zhaoxing, a Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman. "This is really ridiculous. We express our strong dissatisfaction with the practice of shifting to China the responsibility for the escalation of tensions in the gulf."
— "Beijing Denies Selling New Arms to Iran," Associated Press, 4 November 1987, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
18 November 1987
The Chinese Foreign Ministry announces that China has halted the international sale of Silkworm Missiles, which have been used by Iran against neutral shipping in the gulf. "We have taken measures to prevent Chinese-made missiles (from) entering the international market," Foreign Ministry spokesman Ma Yuzhen announced. "China sells no weapons to Iran, including missiles," Ma said.
— "China Says it Has Halted Silkworm Missile Sales," United Press International, 18 November 1987, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
19 November 1987
The U.S. State Department welcomes Chinese statements regarding the control of the international sale of Silkworm missiles. State Department Spokesman Charles Redman said a new Chinese statement issued yesterday was "consistent with comments by a number of Chinese officials indicating that China has taken strict measures to prevent the diversion of Chinese-origin arms to Iran." Redman does not know what steps China has taken but said that "it would be a positive development if these measures are effective in stopping the flow of Chinese arms to Iran."
— "U.S. Welcomes China's Move on Missile Sales," Associated Press, 19 November 1987, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
16 December 1987
Taiwanese businessman Shang-Yao Chi pleads guilty to charges of conspiring with high-level U.N. diplomats to illegally export arms to China. Chi originally pled innocent on October 27. Chinese diplomat Fan Lianfeng was also implicated in the case, although high-level diplomats normally enjoy diplomatic immunity. Fan left the U.S. shortly after the case broke.
— Daniel J. Wakin, "Taiwanese Man Accused in Arms-to-China Case Pleads Guilty," Associated Press, 16 December 1987, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
27 December 1987
China denies selling missiles to Iran. The U.S. accused China of selling advanced Silkworm Anti-ship missiles to Iran. A spokesman for the Chinese Foreign Ministry stated that: "The reports about China's direct or indirect supply of the missiles to Iran are all groundless."
— "China Denies New Missile Sale to Iran," Courier-Mail, 28 December 1987, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
30 December 1987
Three merchant ships believed to be carrying Chinese-made arms are reported en-route to Iran. U.S. intelligence analysts say two of the ships left North Korean ports last week, while a third left Shanghai a few days ago. North Korea has been a common route for Chinese arms headed to Iran in the past. The ships are believed to be carrying advanced Silkworm missiles, which are needed for an Iranian offensive against Iraq.
— Walter Andrews, "Three Ships Loaded with Chinese Arms Enroute to Iran," United Press International, 30 December 1987, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
13 January 1988
U.S. officials claim Iran has received a new shipment of Chinese Silkworm missiles via North Korea. New intelligence reports indicate that the new missiles are not only land-based, but can also be fired from ships, giving the missiles more mobility.
— David K Shipler, "U.S. Says Iran Received More Chinese Missiles," New York Times, 13 January 1988, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
3 February 1988
Chinese officials urge the U.S. to end "some irrational practices" regarding high-technology transfers in order to improve trade relations. The U.S. placed curbs on technology transfers in October after China shipped Silkworm missiles to Iran.
— Robert Thomson, "China Urges US to Ease High-Tech Curbs," Financial Times, 3 February 1988, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
9 February 1988
Charles Chang is sentenced to two years in prison for conspiracy to illegally export missiles to China. Shang-Yao Chi was also indicted in the case. He pled guilty and faces sentencing February 22.
— Daniel J Wakin, "Man In China-Missiles Plot Sentenced To Two Years in Prison," Associated Press, 9 February 1988, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
16 February 1988
Hua Xiang, director of Peking's Center for International Studies, warns that ties between Peking and Washington will worsen unless the U.S. stops "interference and blackmail." The warning comes in an issue of the Peking Review, an official government publication. Hua warns that U.S. protests on human rights abuses in Tibet and accusations of Chinese Silkworm missile sales to Iran threaten ties between the two states.
— "US Moves Threatens Ties, Chinese Official Charges," Christian Science Monitor, 16 February 1988, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
7 March 1988
U.S. Secretary of State George P. Schultz appeals to Chinese Foreign Minister Wu Xueqian for China to back a U.N.-sponsored arms embargo on Iran as an "essential step" toward ending the seven-year war in the Persian Gulf. The Chinese claim that since last November, they have stopped supplying Silkworm missiles to Iran. A senior State Department official told reporters, "as far as we can tell, from our information, they [the Chinese] have been living up to that pledge."
— Dan Oberdorfer, "Schultz Asks Chinese to Join Iran Embargo," Washington Post, 8 March 1988, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
9 March 1988
Chinese Foreign Minister Wu Xueqian tells President Reagan that China will support an embargo on Iran if the resolution wins the backing of an "overwhelming majority" of the Security Council. The President thanked Foreign Minister Wu for "the Chinese direct expression of support."
— Julie Johnson, "China Indicates Support for Arms Embargo on Iran," New York Times, 9 March 1988, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
9 March 1988
The Reagan administration announces the lifting of sanctions on the sale of high technology to China because it is satisfied China is not selling Silkworm anti-ship missiles to Iran. "We are encouraged by Chinese statements and actions regarding Iran's acquisition of Chinese anti-ship missiles, Silkworms," State Department spokesman Charles Redman said.
— "Reagan Lifts High-Tech Ban on China Sales," Journal of Commerce, 10 March 1988, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
17 March 1988
The U.S. State Department releases a statement claiming China is selling missiles to Saudi Arabia. The missiles are reported to be the DF-3, capable of carrying nuclear weapons, although both countries deny that China is supplying nuclear weapons to Saudi Arabia. Charles Redman, a State Department spokesman says "The United States believes that the acquisition of such a system is not in the interest of peace and stability in the region." He went on to say the purchase is "part of a disturbing trend in surface-to-surface missile proliferation that threatens the security of all states in the region." Mr. Redman also said that the Saudi Government "has assured us at the highest level that Saudi Arabia does not have, nor does it intend to acquire any nuclear capability."
— David Rampe, "U.S. Says Saudis Are Buying Missiles from China," New York Times, 18 March 1988, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
21 March 1988
China confirms the sale of medium-range ballistic missiles armed with conventional warheads to Saudi Arabia. "China has provided Saudi Arabia with conventional and non-nuclear surface-to-surface tactical missiles" a Foreign Ministry spokesman said in a statement. The DF-3 has a range of 2,200 km and has the capability of hitting any area in the Middle East. "China does not favor nor engage in nuclear proliferation, China does not sell nuclear weapons to any country." The spokesman said. "We trust the government of Saudi Arabia in its commitment that these weapons are solely for the purpose of defense."
— "China Confirms Sale of Conventional Missiles to Saudis," United Press International, 21 March 1988, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
24 March 1988
John H. Hall, former president and engineer of Micro Power Systems, Inc., testified in front of the Senate Commerce Committee, saying "I have reason to believe Seiko may have illegally transferred critical ballistic missile guidance technology to China." The technology was invented at Japan's Hattori Seiko Co. Group in a joint venture with the United States. The technologies in question include 12-bit accuracy digital-to-analog data converter technology, used in target area inertial guidance systems providing near-perfect accuracy for ballistic missiles. "In sum, Seiko's takeover of Micro Power has resulted in the transfer of significant military technologies to Japan, where export control is notoriously less stringent than in the United States," Hall said.
— "Seiko May Have Illegally Given China Missile Tech," Jiji Press Ticker, 25 March 1988, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
28 March 1988
Shang-Yao Chi is sentenced to one year in prison for his role in the missile-smuggling plot that involved high-ranking Chinese officials in the United States. Chi pleaded guilty on 10 December to conspiring to illegally export 10 TOW II missiles to China. U.S. District Court Judge Dickinson R. Debeviose could have sentenced Chi to more than five years in prison, but because of "exemplary" cooperation in the case, only sentenced him to one year. Defense attorney Alan Zegas said Chi went along with the plot out of fear that his brother, an anti-communist like Chi, would be harmed while in a Chinese prison.
— Daniel J. Wakin, "China-Missile Plot Figure Sentenced; Lawyer Says He Acted out of Fear," Associated Press, 28 March 1988, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
4 April 1988
The Sunday Times reports that Israel and China have reached a secret arms deal. Israel has agreed to provide China with advanced missile technology. Israeli Defense Minister Yitzhak Rabin denies the agreement exists. The report says that Israel is to supply China with advanced trajectory-corrected missiles of an unspecified designation.
— "Secret Chinese-Israel Arms Deal Reported," Reuters, New York Times, 4 April 1988, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
6 April 1988
Chinese Foreign Minister Wu Xueqian defends China's decision to sell missiles to Saudi Arabia. He confirmed that China had sold "some nonnuclear, conventional surface-to-surface missiles" to Saudi Arabia. "The Saudi government made a commitment to us of no transfer, no first use of these missiles, and to use these missiles entirely for defensive purposes. We believe the Saudi government will honor its commitment." He went on to say that the missile sale "is conducive to the stability of the situation in Saudi Arabia in particular and to the Middle East in general." "China's attitude on the question of arms sales is a serious one [and] responsible one as well." He went on to say that "some press tend to pick on China, and whenever China sells weapons, China becomes the newsmaker. How about the weapons flying around over the [Persian] Gulf? There are many kinds of them. At least I know there are such weapons as the [American-made] Stinger and the [French-made] Exocet. These are not Chinese weapons. Why is it that some people always harass China with this so-called issue?"
— "Beijing Defends Sale of Missiles to Saudis; Official Strikes Back at Critics," Washington Post, 7 April 1988, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
14 May 1988
Chinese technicians will operate recently deployed mobile, medium-range missile systems sold to Saudi Arabia. The Chinese will work under Saudi supervision. Chinese technicians were brought in to deploy the missiles because the weapons "cannot be operated without constant support of their designers," a Pentagon analyst said.
— Richard Sale, "Exclusive Chinese to Operate Missiles Sold to Saudis," United Press International, 14 May 1988, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
25 May 1988
Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Li Zhaoxing denies reports that Chinese leaders agreed to supply Argentina with technology for producing anti-ship and medium-range missiles capable of hitting the Falkland Islands, as well as reports that China helped Pakistan launch a missile. "The allegations about China's assistance in Pakistan's launching of a medium-range missile is utterly groundless," he said. Li also dismissed as "groundless" reports that Israel helped develop Chinese ground-to-ground missiles recently sold to Saudi Arabia.
— "China Denies Sharing Military Technology with Pakistan, Argentina," Associated Press, 25 May 1988, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
7 June 1988
The Chinese Foreign Ministry denied a U.S. newspaper report that Chinese-made Silkworm missiles arrived in Iran last month, saying China had tried to stop the flow of the missiles to Iran.
— "China Blocks Silkworms," Financial Times, 7 June 1988, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
10 June 1988
The Xinhua News Agency reports that Chinese-guided missile tests launched by the PLA strategic missile force in the past five years have been "95% successful."
— "Chinese PLA Strategic Missile Launchings 'Successful,'" BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 10 June 1988, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
2 July 1988
Syria denies any deal for Chinese-made missiles exists between the two countries. A spokesman for the Syrian military dismissed Israeli reports of the deal as "untrue."
The missiles in questions are the Chinese M-9 missiles, a missile China specifically designed for its export market. Syrian television reports that the Israeli claims are designed to blackmail the U.S. into selling Israel more advanced American weapons systems.
— "Syria Denies Deal for Chinese-Made Missiles," Xinhua General Overseas News Service, 2 July 1988, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
9 July 1988
Secretary of State George P. Schultz criticizes China for building and selling the same types of missiles that Washington and Moscow are working to eliminate. "There is an irony in that just as we are eliminating nuclear-armed ballistic missiles in the range of 500 to 5,000 kilometers (310 to 3,100 miles), the Chinese are producing exactly those weapons," Schultz said.
— Dennis D. Gray, "Schultz Criticizes China for Building, Selling Missiles," The Associated Press, 9 July 1988, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
16 July 1988
Secretary of State George Schultz indicates he has received no assurances from China's leaders that they would curb their sales of missiles in the Middle East after two days of talks in Beijing. "We didn't come to any agreements about it," Schultz said. "But I think it has been worthwhile to talk about it, and I am sure that that subject will continue to be an important one on our agenda." Schultz went on to say that "The Chinese told me that they had not made any sale of ballistic missiles to a country other than Saudi Arabia."
— Elaine Sciolino, "Chinese Missiles Sold in Mideast Worrying Schultz," New York Times, 16 July 1988, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
2 August 1988
China and Iran are reportedly close to signing an oil-for-arms agreement. Sources say the agreement will send a cargo of crude to China for further supplies of Chinese Silkworm missiles. Negotiations are understood to be in the final stages this week.
— "Iran-China Barter Deal of Crude-for-Silkworms Said Near," Platt's Oligram News, 2 August 1988, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
4 August 1988
William Burns, director of the US Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, commenting on talks with Peking on the sale of medium-range missiles to Syria, said, "The Chinese approach to this particularly vexing problem was frank, and I believe also positive." On 27 July, the U.S. Senate passed a non-binding resolution calling for Peking to immediately halt "its irresponsible and dangerous arms sales to the Middle East." The Chinese Foreign Ministry on denounced the resolution, saying "This amendment, which makes a big fuss about the so-called arms sales, brings harm to Sino-US relations."
— James L. Tyson, "US Tries to Stanch China Arms Flow," Christian Science Monitor, 4 August 1988, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
5 August 1988
The Chinese government denounces a resolution in the U.S. Senate criticizing Chinese arms sales to the Middle East, and called concerns that China is destabilizing the region "a big joke." Zeng Tao, spokesman for the National People's Congress, said the resolution was unreasonable interference in China's internal affairs. Zeng called on the Senate to "treasure the achievements of the development of Sino-US relations."
— "China Calls US Senate Resolution "Big Joke," Associated Press, 5 August 1988, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
5 September 1988
The Abu Dhabi-based paper Al-Ittihad reports that Western military sources are saying that Syria has signed an agreement with China to purchase M9 ballistic missiles. The report says that Syria will receive the first consignment of the missiles within the next 18 months.
— "Syrian-Chinese Missile Agreement Reportedly Signed," BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 7 September 1988, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
6 September 1988
China inaugurates its third launch site by boosting a weather satellite into polar orbit on the first Long March 4 expendable vehicle. The new site is located at Taiyuan, in Shaanxi Province, south of Beijing. Western analysts believe the site is also used for missile tests into the South China Sea. Chinese officials also press U.S. Defense Secretary Carlucci to lobby the Reagan administration to allow American satellites to be shipped to China and be launched on Chinese missiles.
— "China Boosts Satellite From New Launch Site, Aviation Week & Space Technology, 12 September 1988, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>; Jim Abrams, "China Wants to Launch American Satellites Aboard Its Rockets," Associated Press, 6 September 1988, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
6 September 1988
Chinese Defense Minister Qin Jiwei says China will continue to sell arms to the Middle East. "It is natural for China to sell weapons to the Mideast region and it will continue to do so." He also went on to say that "the U.S. is selling advanced weapons like F-16s, while China sells "ordinary" conventional ones." He also said that his "country will not be able to deal with huge weapons sales in the future due to its limited industrial development." The remarks are believed to be made to counter U.S. Defense Secretary Carlucci, who is expected to raise the question of Chinese missile sails to Saudi Arabia, Iran, Syria, and other countries, in a meeting with Qin this week.
— "Asian News-China; China to Sell Weapons to Mideast," Japan Economic Newswire, 6 September 1988, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
7 September 1988
Defense Secretary Frank Carlucci says that he feels "fully satisfied" China will behave in a "thoroughly responsible way" in its weapons sales to foreign nations, following talks with Chinese leaders. Carlucci went on to say "In my opinion, these are the best discussions we have ever had on this subject, and I hope we can now put this issue behind us." Chinese Defense Minister Qin Jiwei asserts that Chinese arms sales to the Middle East are insignificant compared to the sales of other superpowers. "China is a developing country and even in the future it will not sell armaments in large quantities," Qin said. A U.S. official briefing the press said that the U.S. respects China's right to have an overseas arms sales program just as the United States does. He went on to say, however, "we do think that missiles fall into a special category."
— Daniel Southerland, "Carlucci Raises Missile Issue; China Dismissive," Washington Post, 7 September 1988, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>; Daniel Southerland, "China Assures Carlucci On Mideast Arms Sales; Peking Seen Curbing Missile Supply Role, Washington Post, 7 September 1988, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
10 September 1988
U.S. Defense Secretary Frank Carlucci finishes his trip to China saying he will recommend to the Reagan administration that licenses be approved for the export of American satellites to be launched on Chinese rockets. Carlucci said that National Defense Minister Qin Jiwei was "most pleased" with Carlucci's recommendations. Before the export licenses can be approved, they must go through Congress.
— Jim Abrams, "Agreement on Missiles, Satellites Highlight Carlucci Visit," Associated Press, 10 September 1988, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
17 September 1988
Senator Robert Dole delivers a speech on the Senate floor regarding Chinese arms sales. Senator Dole remains skeptical of Chinese promises to curb missile sales and technology transfers. "Frankly, however, many of us in the Senate remain skeptical about Chinese arms sales policies and disturbed by past arms transfers to Iran and Saudi Arabia among others." He went on to say, "I firmly believe the Senate— and the American people-deserve to know more about the nature of these assurances before the United States commits to further military and technology transfer agreements with China." Finally, Dole said that the Reagan administration should "hold off on signing any new agreements with China until the Senate and the American people have had a chance to see some evidence that China is indeed living up to its assurances."
— "Dole Remains Skeptical about Peipings Arm's Sales Policy," Central News Agency-Taiwan, 17 September 1988, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
30 September 1988
The Senate passes an amendment to the Foreign Aid Appropriations Bill to prohibit U.S. assistance to the missile program of China in any manner until the president certifies to the Congress that China is not supplying missiles to Iran, Iraq, Syria, Libya, or Saudi Arabia. The measure is aimed at stopping Congress from approving licensing for China to launch three U.S. satellites into space.
— "Helms on Satellite," Central News Agency-Taiwan, 4 October 1988, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
8 October 1988
The Liberation Army Daily reports that the Chinese Navy is developing a new type of ship-launched missile. The navy is developing a new type of ship-based strategic missile and has made breakthroughs in technologies and launching capabilities of tactical missiles the report says. The report also cited a high level naval officer as saying that China has achieved stronger missile offensive capabilities in experiments with submarine-launched missiles conducted in September.
— "China's Navy Strengthens Missile Offensive Capability," Xinhua General Overseas Service, 8 October 1988, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
15 November 1988
At an arms exhibition in Beijing, China displays its latest weaponry for arms buyers. The Chinese Precision Machinery Import and Export Corporation says it is putting six new missiles on the market during the four-day Asian Defense Technology Exposition, or Asiandex 88.
— Kathy Wilhelm, "China Shows off Arms for Sale," Associated Press, 15 November 1988, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
6 February 1989
Pakistan test fires its fist surface-to-surface long range missile. Analysts believe that the missile was produced with Chinese aid and technology. India believes that Pakistan did receive outside assistance. "It is difficult to believe that a country that hardly produces bicycles can make extremely accurate systems," said retired air commodore Jasjit Singh.
— Ahmed Rashid, "Pakistan Has Tested First Missile, Army Chief Says, Toronto Star, 6 February 1989, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
6 February 1989
Chinese industrial and trade organizations make a strong pitch to sell military hardware and space launch services at the Dubai 89 Airshow. Chinese Precision Machinery Import and Export Corporation (CPMIEC) displays a wide range of missiles that are on sale at the show. Missiles on display include the HQ-28 and HQ-2J surface-to-air missiles. The -2B is an updated version, equipped with a digital guidance system and designed to be operated and launched from a mobile launch platform. The -2J model is designed to be launched from a fixed launch pad. "We attend a number of shows each year," Yang Jishi, vice-president of CPMIEC said. "Our presence here doesn't necessarily mean we are concentrating our efforts on sales in the gulf area."
— "Chinese Make Strong Pitch to Sell Military Hardware, Launch Services," Aviation Week & Space Technology, 6 February 1989, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
23 February 1989
New York Times columnist William Safire alleges that Chinese missiles continue to be sold to Middle Eastern countries. Safire writes that Chinese missiles are being shipped by rail through northern China to North Korea, where they are then shipped out of the North Korean port at Nampo. The alleged destination for these missiles includes Syria, Libya, and Iran. Although the Chinese assured Carlucci last September that they were not selling missiles or weapons to the Middle East, by shipping them to North Korea, and having North Korea ship them to the Middle East, the Chinese are not breaking that promise.
— William Safire, "Those Chinese Missiles," New York Times, 23 February 1989, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexisnexis.com>.
24 February 1989
The U.S. State Department announces that it has "no evidence" to back up a New York Times article from 23 February 1989 that alleges sophisticated Chinese ballistic missiles were being shipped through North Korea to controversial countries such as Syria, Iran and Libya. The announcement by the State Department is made in an attempt to avoid an arms dispute in the days leading up to President Bush's visit to Beijing. State Department spokesman Charles Redman said, "We believe the People's Republic of China understands the concerns we have expressed, and our constructive dialogue with them thus far provides a basis for optimism with regard to the proliferation of ballistic missiles and their component technology." He went on to say "there is no evidence that intermediate-range ballistic missiles built in China have been sent to any country besides Saudi Arabia, either directly or indirectly."
— Martin Walker, "Washington Acts to Avoid Arms Row with China," Guardian, 24 February 1989, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
24 February 1989
South Africa announces that it is purchasing defensive radar, aircraft, and missiles from China.
— "Chinese Arms; Border Dispute between Zimbabwe and South Africa," The Times, 24 February 1989, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
27 February 1989
In a meeting with Chinese Prime Minister Li Peng, President Bush raises concerns about missile proliferation but did not specifically mention the recent sale of Chinese intermediate-range missiles to Saudi Arabia or anti-ship Silkworm missiles to Iran. According to White House Press Secretary Marlin Fitzwater, Li reaffirmed China's promise to the Reagan administration last year to act "responsibly" in its arms sales.
— Phil Gailey, "Bush Treads Lightly on Issue of Human Rights in China," St. Petersburg Times, 27 February 1989, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
8 March 1989
Western diplomats say that China is helping Iran build a factory to build missiles. Construction has gone ahead on the factory, despite a U.N. sanctioned cease-fire on 20 August. Speaking on a condition of anonymity, one source said "it's a missile plant and the Chinese are lending support to build it." It is believed the plant will produce surface-to-surface missiles with a 500 mile range. Jane's Weapons Systems says that China does not have a surface-to-surface missile with a 500-600 mile range; however the Soviet Union has produced a series of mobile, land-based missiles with a range of 540 miles.
— Richard Pyle, "Chinese Reportedly Helping Build Iranian Missile Factory," Associated Press, 8 March 1989, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
13 April 1989
Elebra Electronica, a Brazilian firm, has signed a technology transfer agreement with China for the production of Long March III satellite-launching rockets, a 90-meter vehicle capable of carrying a 4.5 tonne payload. China Precision Machinery Import and Export Corp. (CPMIEC) and the Great Wall Corp. are involved on the Chinese end of the deal. CPMIEC designed and built the Long March II, while Great Wall Corp. launched them. The deal is reportedly worth more than $2 billion.
— "Elebra to Build Chinese Rocket; Long March III Could Compete with Europe's Arianespace," Intelligence Research Ltd., 13 April 1989, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
1 August 1989
China has agreed to sell Syria an unlimited number of missiles, according to the United Arab Emirates newspaper Al-Ittihad. "Syria signed an agreement with China on May 18 for receiving Chinese-made M-9 surface-to-surface missiles" the newspaper said.
— "China 'to Sell Syria Missiles,'" Independent, 1 August 1989, at Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
20 September 1989
The Xinhua News Agency reports that China will soon be equipped with new advanced weaponry, including strategic missiles, ship-to-air missiles and helicopter gunships. The reports says that the equipment has been produced domestically and will meet the needs of China's ground forces, navy, air force, second artillery brigade and other technical forces.
— "New Arms Announced for China," Xinhua General Overseas News Service, 20 September 1989, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
9 November 1989
A senior administration official says that the U.S. is concerned that China may drop its commitments not to sell medium-range missiles or the technology to make them. Administration officials said that they were aware of reports that China was selling medium-range missiles to the Middle East and elsewhere.
— Michael R. Gordon, "U.S. Fears that Chinese May Again Sell Missiles," New York Times, 9 November 1989, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
23 November 1989
Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Jin Guihua says that reports China intends to supply Syria with medium-range surface-to-surface missiles is "utterly groundless." He went on to say that China had long ago taken a serious attitude regarding the selling of missiles to other countries. Despite a few missiles to Saudi Arabia, China has not sold missiles to any other countries, he said.
— "Foreign Ministry Spokesman: Report on China's Provision of Missiles to Syria is 'Utterly Groundless,'" Xinhua General Overseas News Service, 23 November 1989, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
8-10 December 1989
National Security Advisor Brent Scowcroft and Deputy Secretary of State Lawrence Eagleburger travel to Beijing to talk with Chinese officials about China's plans to export missiles to countries in the Middle East. The visit is an effort to convince China not to sell M-9 missiles to Syria. The missiles, which have a range of 600 miles, could hit 10 Middle East countries, including Israel.
— Geoffrey Barker, "China Trip Missile Link," Advertiser, 12 December 1989, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
11 December 1989
President Bush says he was "very pleased" that the Chinese Foreign Ministry announced that it would not sell missiles to any Middle East countries. National Security Advisor Brent Scowcroft raised the issue of proliferation in visits with Chinese leaders over the weekend in Beijing.
— "Bush Welcomes China's Promise on Missile Exports," Financial Times, 11 December 1989, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
12 December 1989
Syria and China have agreed to a contract whereby China will sell 140 M-9 missiles to Syria for $170 million. The Chinese denied the deal existed on 11 December. "Foreign news services said that China is preparing to sell M-9 missiles to Syria. This report is groundless," Chinese national television news reported. "Except for Saudi Arabia, where a small number of mid-range missiles were sold, China has never sold, nor is planning to sell, missiles to any Middle East country," the Chinese media report said.
— Kenneth Kaplan, "Syria China Sign Missile Deal," Jerusalem Post, 12 December 1989, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
27 December 1989
Chinese President Yang Shangkun says that China will continue to supply Saudi Arabia with medium-range ballistic missiles, Egypt's semi-official Middle East News Agency reports. The report quotes Yang as saying China "was determined to supply Saudi Arabia with missiles, according to the contract signed between the two countries."
— "Yang Says China Will Sell Saudi Arabia Missiles," United Press International, 27 December 1989, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://lexis-nexis.com>.
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