| Year/Date |
Exporter |
Item(s) |
Remarks |
| 1960s |
USA |
Hot cells |
|
| 1967 |
USA |
5.545kg of enriched uranium and 112g of plutonium |
|
| Mid-1970s |
Denmark |
10kg of highly enriched uranium (HEU) and 25kg of natural uranium |
|
| 1976 |
USA |
226kg of depleted uranium for aircraft win ballast |
|
| October 1978 |
Jeffrey Eerkens (an US scientist working on classified US uranium-enrichment projects) |
Four lasers |
The US Department of Energy grants Jeffrey Eerkens a license to sell four lasers to Iran. After shipping the lasers, he reports that based on subsequent research, the design he supplied is "unworkable as a means for enriching uranium." |
| 1979-1987 |
British-operated mine in Namibia |
Uranium |
Reportedly Iran owns a share of the mine run by Rio Tinto-Zinc of London. |
| 1984 |
China |
Calutron |
Unconfirmed: report does not specify when the delivery exactly occurred; however, it was reported in 1984. |
| 1985 |
China |
Subcritical research facility, or "training reactor" for the Esfahan nuclear research center |
|
| Mid-1980s and Early 1990s |
North Korea |
Assistance in uranium exploration and mining |
|
| 1986 |
Argentina |
Part of at least 3,300lbs of uranium dioxide |
Unconfirmed; according to the Regan officials, part of 1986 shipment of at least 3,300lbs of uranium dioxide from Argentina to Algeria was retransferred to Iran. According to another report, the shipment consists of 6,600lbs of uranium (3 metric tons). |
| 1987 |
Pakistan (Khan Research Laboratories |
Centrifuge design, starter kit for uranium enrichment program |
U.S. officials claim they have uncovered evidence that associates of Pakistani A.Q. Khan met with Iranian officials, and offered the makings of a nuclear weapons program |
| 1987 |
China |
Small calutron for experimental uranium isotope separation |
|
| 1988 |
South Africa |
Uranium concrete |
|
| 1988-1989 |
South Africa |
Large quantities of uranium concentrate |
|
| 1989 |
China |
Unspecified number of calutrons |
|
| April 1989-1990 |
United States |
Tektronix oscilloscopes logic analyzers, pulse generators, and other electronic equipment |
These items were illegally exported to Iran by the two Iranian nationals. |
| Early 1990s |
USSR |
Unspecified number of nuclear warheads |
The claim is based on Iranian government documents relayed to Israel and acquired by the Jerusalem Post. |
| 1991-1992 |
Russia |
14 Nuclear scientists |
It is reported that same of these scientists are from Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan. |
| 1991 |
China |
27kw research reactor and uranium enrichment equipment |
|
| 1991 |
China |
1 ton of hexafluoride and 800 kilos of UF4 uranium |
|
| 1991 |
China |
Cyclotron |
|
| 1991 |
Belgium |
Cyclotron accelerator |
These items were exported for Iran's Nuclear Medical Research Center in Karaj. |
| 1991 |
United Kingdom |
Small amounts of fluorine used to make uranium hexafluoride |
Sharif University places an order with Air Products' branch in the United Kingdom for 45 cylinders of fluorine; the British government stops delivery after a small amount is delivered. |
| 1991 |
China |
Education |
China is providing Iranian nuclear experts with know-how and design information, some of which may be related to fissile material production and weapons development. |
| 1991 |
Kazakhstan |
At least two nuclear warheads |
The claim is made by The European based on a top-secret report from the Russian intelligence service. |
| 1991 |
Kazakhstan |
three-five Tactical nuclear warheads |
The claim is made by Al Ahram newspaper of Cairo. |
| December 1991 |
Argentina |
Hot cells |
|
| 1992 |
South Africa |
Furnace equipment |
|
| January 1992 |
China |
A reactor and an electromagnetic isotope separator |
|
| 1993 |
China |
HT-6B Tokamak fusion reactor |
The reactor is installed at the Plasma Physics Research Center of Azad University. |
| 1993 |
Unidentified US firms |
Dual-use technologies including toxins, turbojet engines, air or vacuum pumps, machinery for liquefying gas, centrifuges and centrifuge parts, machine-tool holders, gas separation equipment, hydraulic presses, and laboratory furnaces |
The claim is made by the Washington Times based on US Senate testimony in 1995. According to the testimony, these dual-use technologies were exported illegally to Iran. An official from US Department of Commerce (DOC) denies the allegations. |
| 1993 |
Ukraine |
Weapons-related nuclear equipment and experts |
The claim is made by the Wall Street Journal based on US intelligence analysis. Iran and Ukraine have denied the allegations. |
| 1993 |
Kazakhstan |
Beryllium, a key component in nuclear weapons production, and 100 tons of Uranium. |
The claim is made by Agence France based on British Broadcasting Cooperation. Kazakhstan denied the allegations. |
| March 1993 |
Russia |
Assistance in construction of two 440MW nuclear reactors |
The claim is made by Times of London based on Iranian opposition official's claim. |
| 1993 |
North Korea |
Nuclear know-how, technology, and unknown number of nuclear weapons related materials such as enriched uranium |
|
| 1993 |
Unidentified Swiss firms |
Nuclear weapons-related materials and equipment |
Unconfirmed; the exact delivery date of the materials is unconfirmed. |
| September 1993 |
French firmCKD |
nuclear materials |
|
| 1994 and 1995 |
Pakistan
(Khan Research Laboratories) |
Pakistani-designed centrifuges |
Iran's Pakistan connection appears to have been established around 1987 |
| 1994 and 1995 |
Pakistan
(Khan Research Laboratories) |
$3 million worth of nuclear centrifuge parts |
Sold through Sri Lankan middle man Buhary Syed Abu Tahir |
| 1994 |
China |
Uranium hexafluoride, commonly known as UF6 |
|
| March 1994 |
China |
27kWt miniature neutron source reactor |
|
| March 1994 |
Russia |
Technical expertise |
Russian experts start working on the first unit of Iran's 1000MW Bushehr nuclear power plant. |
| January 1995 |
Russia |
Technical expertise |
Nearly 200 Russian scientists sent to Iran to work on the Bushehr nuclear power plant. |
| January 1995 |
Russia |
Education and training |
Iranian experts get trained in the operation of nuclear power facilities in Russia. |
| February 1995 |
China |
A nuclear reactor, technology assistance and unknown numbers of C-182 anti-ship cruise missiles |
|
| April and December 1995 |
Japanese company "Sunbeam" |
3,100 sighting lenses |
The report mentions that the equipment was sold by the Japanese company Sunbeam illegally to Iran. |
| May 1995 |
India |
Nuclear expertise |
|
| September 1995 |
China |
Calutron system |
China installs calutron system for enriching uranium at a nuclear research facility at Karaj, about 100 miles northwest of Tehran. |
| March 1996 |
Russia |
Technical expertise |
Number of Russian experts for the Bushehr nuclear power plan increases to 600 in March 1996. |
| 1997 |
Austria |
Cyclotron and technical expertise to install the cyclotron |
The report does not specify the exact delivery date, but it mentions that the installation of cyclotron was completed by the Australian scientists in February 1997. |
| 1997 |
Africa |
Technical expertise |
Iran hires African technicians specifically for laser isotope separation. |
| 1997 |
Georgia |
Nuclear reactor equipment worth $36,000 |
|
| 1998 |
Unidentified Chinese firms |
Chemical anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (AHF) |
Unconfirmed; report does not specify the exact delivery date. China denies Chinese companies cooperation with Iran. |
| November 1998 |
Russia |
1,100 technical experts |
Number of Russian experts for the Bushehr nuclear power plant increases to 1,100. |
| May 1999 |
Russia (the Russian Atomic Energy Ministry ) |
Training |
38 Iranian nuclear specialists get trained at the Russian facility Atomtekhenergo. |
| 2001 |
Pakistan
(Khan Research Laboratories) |
Highly enriched uranium (HEU) |
Unconfirmed; alleged by the exiled Iranian opposition group, the National Council of Resistance of Iran (NCRI) |
| July 2001 |
Russia |
A steam generator for the Bushehr nuclear power plant |
|
| September 2001 |
Russia |
Centrifuge parts for uranium enrichment |
The claim is made by Yediot Aharonot (Tel Aviv) based on United States and Israeli reports. Allegations were denied by Russia. |
| November 2001 |
Russian company Izhorskiye Zavody of St. Petersburg |
350-ton assembly kit for the Bushehr nuclear power plant |
|
| November 2001 |
Russia |
VVER-1000 (1,000MW light water) nuclear reactor. |
|
| First half of 2002 |
China and North Korea
(Taian Foreign Trade General Corporation of China)
(Zibo Chemical Equipment Plant of China)
(Liyang Yunlong Chemical Equipment Group Company of China)
(China North Industries Corporation (Norinco)
(China Precision Machinery Import/Export Corporation (CPMIEC)
(Changgwang Sinyong Corporation (North Korea)
|
Unspecified nuclear weapons technology |
In 2003, the U.S. imposed sanctions on the companies involved for illegally exporting technology to Iran |
| January 2002 |
Russian Scientific and research and Design Institute of Energy Technologies (NIKIET) |
Education and training |
According to Russian intelligence, Iranian scientists being trained at the NIKIET institute of Russia and acquiring knowledge that can be used for Iran's nuclear weapons program. |
| 2 April 2002 |
Russia |
5,000 tons of material |
Shipped to Bushehr |
| 26 April 2002 |
Russia
(Leningradsky Metallichesky Zavod, [Leningrad Metal Factory]) |
Basic parts of the 1,000MW turbine |
To be installed in Bushehr |
| 1 September 2002 |
Russia |
Russian technicians |
600 Russian technicians working at Bushehr |
| 26 March 2003 |
URENCO |
Uranium enrichment equipment |
Alleged; Russian Atomic Energy Minister Alexander Rumyantsev states that uranium enrichment equipment to Iran was supplied by the Western European company Urenco and not Russian companies |
| 21 May 2005 |
Unknown countries |
Ceramic matrix composite |
Alleged by Alireza Jafarzadeh, a regime opponent in exile and former National Council of Resistance of Iran (NCRI) spokesperson |
| July 2005 |
France |
300 units of Nickel 63 tritium targets |
Alleged by German magazine Der Spiegel, both items are considered dual-use products which can be used to build a nuclear bomb or as part of a peaceful nuclear energy reactor |
