Name: Al-Ameen Factory
Address/Location: Badr General Establishment
Subordinate to: Ministry of Industry and Military Industrialization; PC-3
Primary Function: EMIS component manufacturing
Description:
The Al-Ameen Factory's primary function in Iraq's EMIS program was the assembling of CNC machine tools (5-6% of which was actually manufactured at Al-Ameen; the remaining 94-95% was imported).[1]
Key Sources:
[1] Report on the Eighth IAEA On-Site Inspection in Iraq under Security Council Resolution 687, UN Doc S/23283, 11 December 1991, <http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/Programmes/ActionTeam/
reports/S_23283.pdf>.
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Name: Al-Ameer Factory
Other Names: Al-Amir
Address/Location: Al-Fallujah
Subordinate to: Ministry of Industry and Military Industrialization; PC-3
Primary Function: EMIS component manufacturing
Description:
IAEA inspections of Al-Ameer revealed two six-meter diameter vertical turning machines that were used to produce the pole pieces for the separators at Tarmiya.[2] Seventy percent of Al-Ameer's efforts went towards the production of large and small separator components during the last year before the Gulf war and activities such as high-precision machining of magnet poles, return irons and various parts of the ion source and collector assemblies.[3]
Key Sources:
[2] Report on the Fourth IAEA On-Site Inspection in Iraq under Security Council Resolution 687 (1991), UN Doc S/22986, 28 August 1991, <http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/Programmes/ActionTeam/
reports/S_22986.pdf>.
[3] Consolidated Reports on the 20th and the 21st IAEA On-Site Inspections in Iraq under Security Council Resolution 687, UN Doc S/26333, 20 August 1993, <http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/Programmes/ActionTeam/
reports/s_26333.pdf>; and Report on the Seventh IAEA On-Site Inspection in Iraq under Security Council Resolution 687, UN Doc S/23215, 14 November 1991, <http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/Programmes/ActionTeam/
reports/S_23215.pdf>.
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Name: Al-Amil Plant
Other Names: Al-Amal; Project 7307
Address/Location: 6km west of Tarmiya
Subordinate to: PC-3
Size: A small facility
Primary Function: Liquid nitrogen production
Description:
The small and well-run Al-Amil facility, constructed by an unnamed foreign firm in 1988-1989, produced liquid nitrogen for the EMIS diffusion pumps at Tarmiya.[4]
Key Sources:
[4] Report on the Eighth IAEA On-Site Inspection in Iraq under Security Council Resolution 687, UN Doc S/23283, 11 December 1991, <http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/Programmes/ActionTeam/
reports/S_23283.pdf>.
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Name: Al-Furat
Other Names: Al-Farat; Project 112; Al-Milad
Address/Location: 27-30km southwest of Baghdad
Subordinate to: n/a
Size: Four main buildings, two of which were "new" in 1991
Primary Function: Design, assembly and testing facility for gas centrifuges
Description:
The initial aim of the Al-Furat project[5] was to establish a modern facility and create an industrial infrastructure able to make an initial 1,000 Zippe-type centrifuges the first year and 4,000 machines a year thereafter.[6] Iraq claimed that the target output for the first year of operation to be 200 centrifuges, however, IAEA inspectors determined that the actual facility capability with the available equipment was much greater, at least 600 machines a year.[7]
In 1989, the Al-Fao Establishment was assigned responsibility for the engineering design and construction activities at the Al-Furat site. Prior to the project, the site had been a mechanical training center and its many buildings would be easily convertible into a centrifuge plant.[8] In the fall of 1989, Al-Fao contracted two foreign firms, Britain's ITSC and Germany's Interatom, to install "clean-room" technology necessary for such project.[9]
It appears the Al-Furat site had four main buildings, two of them—B01 and B02—were new.[10]
Key Sources:
[5] The exact location of this facility is unknown. The IAEA inspection report states that this facility is located "close to Badr Engineering Complex, An Walid." (Report on the Fourth IAEA On-Site Inspection in Iraq under Security Council Resolution 687 (1991), UN Doc S/22986, 28 August 1991, <http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/Programmes/ActionTeam/
reports/s_22986.pdf>); other open sources state that the site was "at Yousifiya, south of Baghdad." (David Albright, "Background on Al Furat as Envisioned by Iraq in the 1980s," Institute for Science and International Security, Excerpt from an upcoming ISIS electronic book, 8 October 2002, <http://www.isis-online.org/publications/iraq/alfurat.html>).
[6] David Albright, "Background on Al Furat as Envisioned by Iraq in the 1980s," Institute for Science and International Security, Excerpt from an upcoming ISIS electronic book, 8 October 2002, <http://www.isis-online.org/publications/iraq/alfurat.html>.
[7] Report on the Fourth IAEA On-Site Inspection in Iraq under Security Council Resolution 687 (1991), UN Doc S/22986, 28 August 1991, <http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/Programmes/ActionTeam/
reports/S_22986.pdf>.
[8] David Albright.
[9] Ibid.
[10] Report on the Fourth IAEA On-Site Inspection in Iraq under Security Council Resolution 687.
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Name: Al-Hamath Workshop
Address/Location: Building 406
Al-Tuwaitha Facilities
Subordinate to: n/a
Size: Two high bay buildings
Primary Function: EMIS magnet testing
Description:
The Al-Hamath Workshop is located just south of the water purification complex in the northwest corner of Al-Tuwaitha. Iraq had originally declared this facility to be for truck maintenance, and later a machine shop. The facility was composed of two high bay buildings that shared over 1MWt of electrical supply and a large-sized water purification and chiller system between them. Upon inspection, it was concluded that although the Al-Hamath workshop was never used for actual isotope separation work, it was used for magnet tests and engineering integration tests of EMIS separator systems.[11]
Key Sources:
[11] Consolidated Report on the First Two IAEA Inspections Under Security Council Resolution 687 (1991) of Iraqi Nuclear Capabilities, UN Doc S/22788, 11 July 1991, <http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/Programmes/ActionTeam/
reports/S_22788.pdf>.
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Name: Al-Muthanna State Establishment
Other Names: Muthanna; Samarra Facility
Address/Location: Samarra
Subordinate to: n/a
Size: A complex of facilities
Primary Function: Chemical weapons complex; research on chemical enrichment
Description:
Limited chemical enrichment work was carried out at the Al-Muthanna State Establishment, which is a chemical weapons complex, located in Samarra. Muthanna reportedly produced tri-butyl phosphate (TBP) and conducted some theoretical work on crown ethers.[12]
Key Sources:
[12] "The Implementation of United Nations Security Council Resolutions Relating to Iraq," Report by the IAEA Director-General, GC(40)/13, 12 August 1996, <http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/About/GC/GC40/documents/
gc40-13.html>.
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Name: Al-Radwan Factory
Address/Location: Near Khandri
Subordinate to: Ministry of Industry and Military Industrialization; PC-3
Primary Function: EMIS component manufacturing
Description:
IAEA inspections of Al-Radwan revealed 5 six-meter-diameter vertical turning machines that were used to produce the pole pieces for the separators at Tarmiya.[13] Seventy percent of Al-Radwan efforts went towards the production of large and small separator components during the last year before the Gulf War, and activities such as high-precision machining of magnet poles, return irons, and various parts of the ion source and collector assemblies.[14]
Key Sources:
[13] Report on the Fourth IAEA On-Site Inspection in Iraq under Security Council Resolution 687 (1991), UN Doc S/22986, 28 August 1991, <http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/Programmes/ActionTeam/reports/
S_22986.pdf>; Consolidated Reports on the 20th and the 21st IAEA On-Site Inspections in Iraq under Security Council Resolution 687, UN Doc S/26333, 20 August 1993, <http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/Programmes/ActionTeam/reports/
s_26333.pdf>.
[14] Consolidated Reports on the 20th and the 21st IAEA On-Site Inspections in Iraq under Security Council Resolution 687; Report on the Seventh IAEA On-Site Inspection in Iraq under Security Council Resolution 687, UN Doc S/23215, 14 November 1991, <http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/Programmes/ActionTeam/reports/
S_23215.pdf>.
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Name: Al-Shaheed Brass Factory
Address/Location: 80km west of Baghdad, near Fallujah
Subordinate to: PC-3
Primary Function: EMIS component manufacturing
Description:
In 1984, Al-Shaheed Factory began producing copper and brass ingots, rods, disks, tubing, and wire. IAEA inspectors believed that the factory was to be capable of manufacturing extruded copper tubing of the type used in EMIS coil windings.[15]
Key Sources:
[15] Report on the 15th IAEA On-Site Inspection in Iraq under Security Council Resolution 687, UN Doc S/24981, 17 December 1992, <http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/Programmes/ActionTeam/
reports/s_24981.pdf>.
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Name: Al-Tuwaitha Gaseous Diffusion Facility
Address/Location: Building 23
Al-Tuwaitha Nuclear Research Center
Subordinate to: n/a
Size: Laboratory scale
Primary Function: Theoretical and laboratory research in gaseous diffusion
Description:
Between 1982 and 1987, Iraq performed theoretical and feasibility studies, as well as some "modest" laboratory-scale activities in gaseous diffusion at Al-Tuwaitha's Building 23.[16] The program was later (probably in 1987) relocated to Rashidiya Engineering and Design Center.[17]
Key Sources:
[16] Report on the Seventh IAEA On-Site Inspection in Iraq under Security Council Resolution 687, UN Doc S/23215, 14 November 1991, <http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/Programmes/ActionTeam/
reports/S_23215.pdf>.
[17] "The Implementation of United Nations Security Council Resolutions Relating to Iraq," Report by the IAEA Director-General, GC(40)/13, 12 August 1996, <http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/About/GC/GC40/documents/
gc40-13.html>.
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Name: Al-Tuwaitha's EMIS Facilities
Other Names: Nuclear Physics Laboratories
Address/Location: Buildings 80, 85, 60, 50-57
Al-Tuwaitha Nuclear Research Center
Subordinate to: Al-Tuwaitha Nuclear Research Center
Size: Several buildings dedicated to laboratory or pilot scale activities
Primary Function: EMIS research, development and testing of EMIS equipment
Description:
Iraq's Office of Studies and Development (OSD), later renamed the Petrochemical Project-3 (PC-3), originally installed its EMIS program in a complex of facilities, known as Building 73.[18] When Building 80 was completed in 1982-83, the EMIS program was moved there. IAEA inspections determined that several buildings in Al-Tuwaitha were devoted to laboratory or pilot-scale EMIS activities.
Key Sources:
[18] David Albright, Corey Gay, and Khidhir Hamza, "Development of the Al-Tuwaitha Site: What If the Public or the IAEA had Overhead Imagery?" ISIS, 26 April 1999, <http://www.isis-online.org/publications/iraq/tuwaitha.html>.
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Name: Ash Sharkat
Other Names: Al-Sharquai, Al-Sharqat, al-Shirgat; Al-Fajr; Al-Fajar; Facility 555[19]
Address/Location: In Jabal Makhul, 255km northwest of Baghdad
Subordinate to: PC-3
Size: Exact duplicate of Al-Tarmiyah's EMIS facility (a complex consisting of three distinct areas and multiple buildings)
Primary Function: EMIS production
Description:
Iraq originally declared this facility to be a non-nuclear plastic coating plant. However, during numerous IAEA inspections it was determined that this facility was intended to be an exact duplicate of Al-Tarmiyah's EMIS facility. [20] Al Sharkat site is comprised of three areas: Area A – electrical and mechanical workshop; Area B – main production (including Buildings 27, 29, and 20); Area C – chemical recovery.[21] Ash Sharkat was 85% complete, at the time the coalition air forces struck, and no separators had been installed.[22] The UCl4 feedstock for the Ash Sharkat facility was most likely going to come from the Al-Jesira conversion plants.[23]
Key Sources:
[19] The exact coordinates of this facility are unknown. According to satellite images there are several location with similar names, and different coordinates.
[20] Report on the Third On-site Inspection in Iraq under Security Council Resolution 687 (1991), UN Doc S/22837, 25 July 1991, <http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/Programmes/ActionTeam/
reports/S_22837.pdf>.
[21] Report on the 18th IAEA On-Site Inspection in Iraq under Security Council Resolution 687, UN Doc S/25666, 26 April 1993, <http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/Programmes/ActionTeam/
reports/S_25666.pdf>; and Report on the 13th On-Site Inspection in Iraq under Security Council Resolution 687 (1991), UN Doc S/24450, 16 August 1992, <http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/Programmes/ActionTeam/
reports/s_24450.pdf>.
[22] Report on the Third On-site Inspection in Iraq under Security Council Resolution 687.
[23] Report on the Fourth IAEA On-Site Inspection in Iraq under Security Council Resolution 687 (1991), UN Doc S/22986, 28 August 1991, <http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/Programmes/ActionTeam/
reports/S_22986.pdf>.
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Name: Badr General Establishment[24]
Address/Location: South of Baghdad[25]
Subordinate to: Ministry of Industry and Military Industrialization; PC-3
Size: Presumably good sized; large enough to house 10 computer numerically controlled (CNC) machines and associated equipment/materials
Primary Function: EMIS component manufacturing
Description:
The Badr State Establishment was one of the partners (with Daura) in the development of the Al-Furat centrifuge manufacturing and testing facility. Activities at this facility included indigenous fabrication of magnets, vacuum chambers, ion sources and collector components of EMIS separators.[26]
Key Sources:
[24] Report on the Fourth IAEA On-Site Inspection in Iraq under Security Council Resolution 687 (1991), UN Doc S/22986, 28 August 1991, <http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/Programmes/ActionTeam/
reports/S_22986.pdf>.
[25] Tim Ripley, "Iraq's Nuclear Weapons Programme," Jane's Intelligence Review, December 1992.
[26] Report on the Fourth IAEA On-Site Inspection in Iraq under Security Council Resolution 687.
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Name: Building 225
Address/Location: Al-Tarmiya
Subordinate to: Al-Tarmiya
Primary Function: EMIS Production
Description:
Building 225 was to serve as chemical process facility for the recovery of UCl4 and UO4 from separator liners. Building 225 was to service the 600-mm units from Building 245. The design of piping and vessels for the building, as well as the distribution of recovery functions between them strongly suggested that the major goal of these facilities was the production of HEU.[27]
Key Sources:
[27] Report on the Fourth IAEA On-Site Inspection in Iraq under Security Council Resolution 687 (1991), UN Doc S/22986, 28 August 1991, <http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/Programmes/ActionTeam/
reports/S_22986.pdf>.
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Name: Building 245
Address/Location: East-southeast corner of Al-Tarmiya
Subordinate to: Al-Tarmiya
Size: Smaller than Building 33 (over 100 meters long)
Primary Function: EMIS Production
Description:
Building 245 was considered to be the second stage of enrichment in Iraq's program, and was a smaller version of Building 33.[28] The facility was designed to hold up to 20 600-mm separators, but it was incomplete and believed to be twelve to eighteen months from operation.[29] Six prototype magnets and vacuum chambers, as well as six ion sources and collectors for the 600-mm system had been fabricated.[30]
Key Sources:
[28] Report on the Third On-site Inspection in Iraq under Security Council Resolution 687 (1991), UN Doc S/22837, 25 July 1991, <http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/Programmes/ActionTeam/
reports/S_22837.pdf>.
[29] Ibid.; Report on the Fourth IAEA On-Site Inspection in Iraq under Security Council Resolution 687 (1991), UN Doc S/22986, 28 August 1991, <http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/Programmes/ActionTeam/
reports/S_22986.pdf>.
[30] Report on the Fourth IAEA On-Site Inspection in Iraq under Security Council Resolution 687 (1991).
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Name: Building 271
Address/Location: Al-Tarmiya
Subordinate to: Al-Tarmiya
Primary Function: EMIS Production
Description:
Building 271 was a support facility for the separators. In this building, ion source and collector stores were housed, source and collector refurbishment was undertaken, vacuum checks and high-voltage tests were performed, and a universal coordinate machine was used to verify the proper alignment of source and collector components.[31]
Key Sources:
[31] Report on the Fourth IAEA On-Site Inspection in Iraq under Security Council Resolution 687 (1991), UN Doc S/22986, 28 August 1991, <http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/Programmes/ActionTeam/
reports/s_22986.pdf>.
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Name: Building 33
Address/Location: Southwest corner of Al-Tarmiya
Subordinate to: Al-Tarmiya
Size: Over 100 meters long
Primary Function: EMIS Production
Description:
Building 33 was to be used for transformer fabrication. The building had two 10-ton and two 25-ton bridge cranes, a huge electrical supply (over 100MWt), and a supply of purified and chilled water, all consistent with characteristics of a building housing EMIS separators.[32]
Building 33 was designed to accommodate 70 EMIS separators,[33] of which eight 1,200-mm separators were installed in the period of January-October 1990, and produced 0.6kg of 4% enriched uranium.[34] Each of the eight separators required a load of 6kg of UCl4, which most likely came from the Al-Jesira facility.[35] Installations of the next set of 17 separators, which were to have an improved liner design, were undertaken, and three magnets were already in place when coalition air strikes began.[36]
Key Sources:
[32] Report on the Fourth IAEA On-Site Inspection in Iraq under Security Council Resolution 687 (1991), UN Doc S/22986, 28 August 1991, <http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/Programmes/ActionTeam/
reports/S_22986.pdf>.
[33] The joint report from the first two inspections stated that Tarmiya's facilities were designed to house 100 separators, not 90 as the later report suggested. And, other reports state that Al Tamiya (and Al Sharqat) had 70 R120 separators and 20 R60 separators, with the designed capacity to produce 15 kg HEU per year. "The Components of Iraq's clandestine nuclear programme," Attachment 1 to the Fourth Consolidated Report of the Director General of the IAEA, UN Doc S/1997/779, 8 October 1997, Iraq Watch, <http://www.iraqwatch.org/un/IAEA/s-1997-779-att-1.htm>.
[34] Report on the Third On-site Inspection in Iraq under Security Council Resolution 687 (1991), UN Doc S/22837, 25 July 1991, <http://www.iaea.or.at/
worldatom/Programmes/ActionTeam/reports/S_22837.pdf>. Others report slight different numbers of enriched uranium produced: Iraq Watch stated that 685 grams of 3% enriched uranium were produced. "Iraq's Nuclear Weapon Program," Iraq Watch, <http://www.iraqwatch.org/wmd/nuclear.html>.
[35] Richard Kokoski, Technology and the Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (SIPRI, 1995), p. 119.
[36] Report on the Third On-site Inspection in Iraq under Security Council Resolution 687 (1991).
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Name: Building 46
Address/Location: Al-Tarmiya
Subordinate to: Al-Tarmiya
Primary Function: EMIS Production
Description:
Tarmiya's Building 46 was a processed chemistry facility.[37] It was designed for the batch recovery of UO3 from collector pockets of an EMIS separator. Enriched uranium from 1,200-mm separators and depleted uranium from 600-mm separators was to be recovered in four separate halls.[38]
Key Sources:
[37] Report on the Third On-site Inspection in Iraq under Security Council Resolution 687 (1991), UN Doc S/22837, 25 July 1991, <http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/Programmes/ActionTeam/
reports/S_22837.pdf>.
[38] Report on the Fourth IAEA On-Site Inspection in Iraq under Security Council Resolution 687 (1991), UN Doc S/22986, 28 August 1991, <http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/Programmes/ActionTeam/
reports/S_22986.pdf>.
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Name: Building 57
Address/Location: Al-Tarmiya
Subordinate to: Al-Tarmiya
Primary Function: EMIS Production
Description:
IAEA inspectors, however, determined that this building was to serve as chemical process facility for the recovery of UCl4 and UO4 from separator liners.[39] Building 57 was to service the 1,200-mm separators from Building 33.[40] The design of piping and vessels for the building, as well as the distribution of recovery functions between them, strongly suggested that the major goal of these facilities was the production of HEU.[41]
Key Sources:
[39] Report on the Fourth IAEA On-Site Inspection in Iraq under Security Council Resolution 687 (1991), 27 July-10 August 1991, UN Doc S/22986, 28 August 1991, <http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/Programmes/ActionTeam/
reports/S_22986.pdf>.
[40] Report on the Fourth IAEA On-Site Inspection in Iraq under Security Council Resolution 687 (1991), UN Doc S/22986, 28 August 1991, <http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/Programmes/ActionTeam/
reports/S_22986.pdf>.
[41] Ibid.
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Name: Building 90
Address/Location: Al-Tuwaitha Nuclear Research Center
Subordinate to: Al-Tuwaitha Nuclear Research Center
Size: Large
Primary Function: Chemical enrichment: ion-resin and solvent extraction
Description:
Laboratory-scale work on chemical enrichment had been conducted in Building 90, just outside the Al-Tuwaitha's berm.[42]
Iraqi officials confirmed that almost all research on solvent extraction and ion-exchange methods, except for the production of tributyl phosphate (TBP), has been carried out in Building 90. They also declared Building 90 to be the location of Lithium-6 enrichment research.[43] The IAEA inspectors determined that the size of Building 90 was appropriate for a much larger scale activities than those described by the Iraqis.[44]
Chemical enrichment equipment located in or near Building 90 includes:[45]
• eight jacketted glass columns (10cm ID x 203cm, 15cm OD)
• ~ ten glass columns (8cm OD x 50cm)
• ten small rotary pumps
• five small stainless steel tanks
• three PTFE sieve plates for 8cm diameter columns
• three stainless steel sieve plates for 8cm diameter columns
Iraq appears to have carried out only limited, rudimentary work in solvent extraction methods. Additionally Iraq was acquiring components for a pilot plant to produce four tons of 1 to 1.2% enriched uranium a year, as well as conducting preliminary assessments of equipment and material requirements for another pilot plant to produce four tons of up to 3% enriched uranium a year.[46] Coalition air strikes in 1991 disrupted these plans.
Key Sources:
[42] Report on the Seventh IAEA On-Site Inspection in Iraq under Security Council Resolution 687, UN Doc S/23215, 14 November 1991, <http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/Programmes/ActionTeam/
reports/S_23215.pdf>.
[43] "The Implementation of United Nations Security Council Resolutions Relating to Iraq," Report by the IAEA Director-General, GC(40)/13, 12 August 1996, <http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/About/GC/GC40/documents/
gc40-13.html>.
[44] Report on the Seventh IAEA On-Site Inspection in Iraq under Security Council Resolution 687.
[45] Ibid.
[46] "The Implementation of United Nations Security Council Resolutions Relating to Iraq."
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Name: Building B00
Address/Location: Northeast corner of Al-Furat
Subordinate to: Al-Furat
Size: 100m x 80m
Primary Function: Design, assembly, and testing facility for gas centrifuges
Description:
Building B00 was part of the original Al-Furat facility and was modified for this project. The building is divided into two temperature-controlled areas and intended to hold machines that would manufacture caps and baffles.[47]
Key Sources:
[47] Report on the Fourth IAEA On-Site Inspection in Iraq under Security Council Resolution 687 (1991), UN Doc S/22986, 28 August 1991, <http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/Programmes/ActionTeam/
reports/S_22986.pdf>.
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Name: Building B01
Other Names: Central Workshop T1250
Address/Location: South side of Al-Furat
Subordinate to: Al-Furat
Size: Large enough to hold 100 gas centrifuges and associated testing facilities
Primary Function: Design, assembly, and testing of gas centrifuges
Description:
In November 1989, Iraq signed a contract with Interatom for the construction of Building B01, also known as Central Workshop T1250.[48] Iraq did not tell Interatom the true purpose for the building, but declared it to be a tube-manufacturing workshop. Building B01 would have been used to manufacture piping for centrifuge cascades, rotor assembly activities, mechanical testing of single centrifuges, and balancing and final assembly of centrifuges.[49] The building was also designed to hold a test cascade of centrifuges.[50] Construction of the building continued through 1990 with numerous delays; as Iraq was learning more about centrifuge manufacturing, engineers proposed changes in the building design, having to hide its true purpose from Interatom.[51]
Later Iraqi officials identified Building B01 as the probable location for a 100-centrifuge cascade that it had planned to construct between 1991 and mid-1993.[52]
Key Sources:
[48] David Albright, "Background on Al Furat as Envisioned by Iraq in the 1980s," Institute for Science and International Security (ISIS), Excerpt from an upcoming ISIS electronic book, 8 October 2002, <http://www.isis-online.org/publications/iraq/alfurat.html>.
[49] Ibid.; Report on the Fourth IAEA On-Site Inspection in Iraq under Security Council Resolution 687 (1991), UN Doc S/22986, 28 August 1991, <http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/Programmes/ActionTeam/reports/
s_22986.pdf>.
[50] David Albright.
[51] Ibid.
[52] Report on the Fourth IAEA On-Site Inspection in Iraq under Security Council Resolution 687; "Iraq's Nuclear Weapon Program," Iraq Watch, accessed on 11/27/2002, <http://www.iraqwatch.org/wmd/nuclear.html>.
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Name: Building B02
Address/Location: East side of Al-Furat
Subordinate to: Al-Furat
Size: 100m x 80m
Primary Function: Design, assembly and testing facility for gas centrifuges
Description:
ITSC was contracted by Al-Fao to design, supply, and erect the utilities and mechanical equipment for Building B02. ITSC subcontracted to another firm to provide the "clean-room" technology for the building.[53] Building B02 was one of two extremely large buildings in the Al-Furat complex (Building B00 being the other).[54] The intended purpose of Building B02 was to be a flow-forming workshop to manufacture maraging steel tubes,[55] house rotor manufacturing and assembly lines, perform bearing assembly, and chemical cleaning and treatment of components.[56]
Key Sources:
[53] David Albright, "Background on Al Furat as Envisioned by Iraq in the 1980s," Institute for Science and International Security (ISIS), Excerpt from an upcoming ISIS electronic book, 8 October 2002, <http://www.isis-online.org/publications/iraq/alfurat.html>.
[54] Report on the Fourth IAEA On-Site Inspection in Iraq under Security Council Resolution 687 (1991), UN Doc S/22986, 28 August 1991, <http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/Programmes/ActionTeam/reports/
S_22986.pdf>.
[55] Ibid.
[56] David Albright.
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Name: Building B03
Address/Location: Northeast corner of Al-Furat, East of Building B00
Subordinate to: Al-Furat
Size: Long and narrow building
Primary Function: Design, assembly and testing facility for gas centrifuges
Description:
Building B03 was to be modified for use as an incoming material store and preparation area.[57] However, it was used temporarily from fall 1990 until presumably 1991, when all activities stopped for production development trials.[58] Iraqi officials denied that the facility was used for uranium enrichment purposes. Instead they stated that prior to coalition air strikes, they used it for flow-turning maraging steel tubes and machining vacuum casings and molecular pumps.[59]
Key Sources:
[57] David Albright, "Background on Al Furat as Envisioned by Iraq in the 1980s," Institute for Science and International Security (ISIS), Excerpt from an upcoming ISIS electronic book, 8 October 2002, <http://www.isis-online.org/publications/iraq/alfurat.html>.
[58] "The Components of Iraq's clandestine nuclear programme," Attachment 1 to the Fourth Consolidated Report of the Director General of the IAEA, UN Doc S/1997/779, 8 October 1997, Iraq Watch, <http://www.iraqwatch.org/un/IAEA/s-1997-779-att-1.htm>.
[59] Report on the Fourth IAEA On-Site Inspection in Iraq under Security Council Resolution 687 (1991), UN Doc S/22986, 28 August 1991, <http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/Programmes/ActionTeam/reports/
S_22986.pdf>.
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Name: Chemical Research Laboratories
Other Names: Chemical Engineering Research Laboratories
Address/Location: Building 85
Al-Tuwaitha Nuclear Research Center
Subordinate to: Al-Tuwaitha Nuclear Research Center
Size: Multiple facilities built as 1:2.5 scale versions of production scale facilities
Primary Function: EMIS research
Description:
Facilities in Building 85 were involved in the first phase of Iraq's EMIS development program. Lasting from 1982 to 1987, that phase concentrated on research and development activities using "R40" magnet/separation chambers. These units were 1:2.5 scale versions of planned production-scale units.
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Name: Dijjlah[60]
Other Names: Al-Dijla; Facility 416; Zaafariniyah Dijjlah
Address/Location: Zaafarniya
Subordinate to: Ministry of Industry and Military Industrialization; PC-3
Primary Function: EMIS component manufacturing
Description:
Activities at this facility included the production of electrical equipment that would be able to produce the necessary power supplies for Iraq's EMIS program.[61] Dijjlah also housed manufacturing equipment capable of coil winding, chassis assembly, designing and fabricating electronics, printed circuit board fabrication, and other electrical components used for calutrons.[62]
Key Sources:
[60] Report on the Fourth IAEA On-Site Inspection in Iraq under Security Council Resolution 687 (1991), UN Doc S/22986, 28 August 1991, <http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/Programmes/ActionTeam/
reports/S_22986.pdf>.
[61] Ibid.
[62] Consolidated Report on the First Two IAEA Inspections Under Security Council Resolution 687 (1991) of Iraqi Nuclear Capabilities, UN Doc S/22788, 11 July 1991, <http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/Programmes/ActionTeam/
reports/S_22788.pdf>.
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Name: Electronics and Engineering Department Laboratories
Address/Location: Building 60
Al-Tuwaitha Nuclear Research Center
Subordinate to: Al-Tuwaitha Nuclear Research Center
Size: One or several buildings with multiple offices and laboratories
Primary Function: EMIS development
Description:
In 1984 Building 60 was added. It housed engineering offices and laboratories for the electronics department, including control and high voltage engineering department for Iraq's EMIS program.[63]
Key Sources:
[63] David Albright, Corey Gay, and Khidhir Hamza, "Development of the Al-Tuwaitha Site: What If the Public or the IAEA had Overhead Imagery?" ISIS, 26 April 1999, <http://www.isis-online.org/publications/iraq/tuwaitha.html>.
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Name: Engineering and Design Center
Other Names: Rashidiya Engineering and Design Center; EDC
Address/Location: Rashidiya, (Rashdiya)
Subordinate to: Ministry of Industry and Military Industrialization[64]
Size: Iraq's main gas centrifuge development facility
Primary Function: Enrichment centrifuge design and testing
Description:
The EDC was established in 1987 and served, among other functions, as Iraq's main facility for its gas centrifuge enrichment efforts.[65] The gas centrifuge program was initiated at Al-Tuwaitha Center, but was later moved to Rashidiya.[66]
Having acquired several design drawings from an ex-employee of Germany's MAN, EDC applied most of its research to the design and development of a magnetic-bearing centrifuge with a maraging steel rotor rotating at sub-critical speeds. During the period from late-1988 through mid-1990 EDC produced a series of designs and attempted, unsuccessfully, to manufacture trial quantities of centrifuge components. It was decided to limit indigenous production to stationary components and acquire the remaining necessary parts from abroad. By the end of 1989, EDC developed a series of sub-critical centrifuge designs based on the carbon fibre rotor, and by early 1990, it acquired enough components to support prototype centrifuge production and testing. The first magnetic centrifuge with a carbon fibre composite rotor was successfully constructed and tested in the spring of 1990 over a period of several months in a mechanical test stand. In mid-1990, the rotor was installed in a process test stand and about 100 operating hours using UF6 were achieved during the following six months. The Separative Work Unit (SWU) output of 1.9kg SWU/year was achieved. Iraq maintained that the mechanical and process test stands were the only two test stands ever conducted.[67]
Iraq's gas centrifuge enrichment development project plan:[68]
| Mid-1987 to Late 1989 |
Trials on Model l Centrifuge |
| Mid-1988 to Mid-1991 |
Trials on Model 2 Centrifuge |
| Late 1989 to Mid-1991 |
Construct Centrifuge Production Facility |
| Mid-1991 to End 1991 |
Trial Operation of the Production Facility |
| Early 1991 to End 1992 |
Design and Construct 100-Machine Cascade |
| End 1992 to Mid-1993 |
Install Centrifuges and Pipework |
| Mid-1993 |
Commence Operation of 100-Machine Cascade |
| Mid-1992 to Mid-1995 |
Design and Construct 500-Machine Cascade |
| Early 1995 to End 1995 |
Install Centrifuges and Pipework |
| Early 1996 |
Commence Operation of 500-Machine Cascade |
It appears that Iraq was only able to complete first trials in mid-1990 with subsequent tests halted due to the Gulf war and the dismantlement efforts of UN inspectors.
Key Sources:
[64] Report on the 15th IAEA On-Site Inspection in Iraq under Security Council Resolution 687, UN Doc S/24981, 17 December 1992, <http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/Programmes/ActionTeam/reports/
s_24981.pdf>.
[65] Fourth Consolidated Report of the Director General of the IAEA under Paragraph 16 of Security Council Resolution 1051 (1996), UN Doc S/1997/779, 8 October 1997, <http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/Programmes/ActionTeam/
reports/s_1997_779.pdf>.
[66] Dimitri Perricos, "Understanding the Lessons of Nuclear Inspections and Monitoring in Iraq: A Ten-Year Review," June 2001 ISIS Conference on Iraq, 28 August 2001, <http://www.isis-online.org/publications/iraq/perricos.html>.
[67] "The Components of Iraq's clandestine nuclear programme," Attachment 1 to the Fourth Consolidated Report of the Director General of the IAEA, UN Doc S/1997/779, 8 October 1997, Iraq Watch, <http://www.iraqwatch.org/un/IAEA/s-1997-779-att-1.htm>.
[68] Report on the Fourth IAEA On-Site Inspection in Iraq under Security Council Resolution 687 (1991), UN Doc S/22986, 28 August 1991, <http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/Programmes/ActionTeam/reports/
S_22986.pdf>.
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Name: Industrial Complex
Address/Location: At Taji, south of the Nassr General Establishment
Subordinate to: Petrochemical-2 (PC-2)
Size: At least six separate buildings
Primary Function: Production of dual use times, possibly for EMIS program
Description:
This industrial complex consists of at least six separate buildings, which the IAEA inspectors suspected were involved in the production of dual-use items. Although the inspectors did not observe any explicit illegal activities, it did confirm that the facilities have good capabilities to produce materials that should be monitored. The industrial complex includes a fiberglass plant, a fiber composite manufacturing building, which contains a fiber composite winding machine for producing pipes and tanks, a resins plant, an unfinished petrochemical plant that will study fuel additives, an unfinished plastics injection molding facility, and a new Center for Metallurgical Industries that will study industrial problems in materials science.[69]
Key Sources:
[69] Consolidated Reports on the 20th and the 21st IAEA On-Site Inspections in Iraq under Security Council Resolution 687, UN Doc S/26333, 20 August 1993, <http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/Programmes/ActionTeam/
reports/s_26333.pdf>.
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Name: Laser Section
Other Names: Section
Address/Location: Al-Tuwaitha Nuclear Research Center
Subordinate to: Physics Department, Al-Tuwaitha Nuclear Research Center
Size: Presumably large complex consisting of two or more buildings and several sections
Primary Function: Laser Isotope Separation (LIS) research: MLIS and AVLIS
Description:
In 1977, the Laser Section was established at Al-Tuwaitha Nuclear Research Center with the general objective of acquiring LIS technology. Until 1991 the Laser Section was located in Building 10 (Analytical Chemistry/Physics), which is contiguous with Building 9 (Radio-chemistry), and in 1986 it expanded its work into Building 23 (Laboratory Workshop/Laser and Plasma Section). After the coalition air strikes, the Laser Section was moved and as of October 1994, it was housed in Building 90 of the Tuwaitha Center outside the berm. During a seminar organized in October 1994 by the 26th IAEA On-Site Inspection team in Iraq, the head of Tuwaitha's Department of Physics stated that in 1981, the Atomic Energy Commission had assigned him the responsibility of carrying the goal of "working with Laser Isotope Separation." Two sections were established, one to work with Molecular LIS (MLIS), and the other with the Atomic Vapor LIS (AVLIS).
Iraq scientists stated that some limited experimentation with UF6 was carried out at the facility, specifically on non-selective photo-dissociation, however, they insisted that no spectroscopy work on UF6 or uranium metal vapor was conducted and no isotopic separation was ever achieved. When the Laser Section's activities were reviewed in 1987, the project was downgraded to a "watching brief" and emphasis was shifted to other enrichment methods, most notably EMIS.[70]
Key Sources:
[70] Report on the 26th IAEA On-Site Inspection in Iraq under Security Council Resolution 687, UN Doc S/1994/1206, 22 October 1994, <http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/Programmes/ActionTeam/
reports/s_1994_1206.pdf>.
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Name: Machine Shops
Address/Location: Buildings 50-57
Al-Tuwaitha Nuclear Research Center
Subordinate to: Al-Tuwaitha Nuclear Research Center
Size: A complex made up of multiple buildings containing shops
Primary Function: EMIS development
Description:
Around the mid-1980s, a new complex consisting of Buildings 50 to 57 was added to contribute to Iraq's efforts to develop EMIS technology; those facilities housed machine shops.[71] Although open sources disagree, it appears that these facilities were not damaged during the Gulf War. However, according to Iraqi declarations, before inspections began, all equipment in the buildings was removed and turned over to the Iraqi Army for destruction and concealment. Some equipment was distributed among several locations (status unknown) and some destroyed beyond recognition. The Iraqi government eventually turned over some equipment such as end pieces, magnets with coils, and vacuum chambers to UN inspectors for their analysis.[72]
Key Sources:
[71] David Albright, Corey Gay, and Khidhir Hamza, "Development of the Al-Tuwaitha Site: What If the Public or the IAEA had Overhead Imagery?" ISIS, 26 April 1999, <http://www.isis-online.org/publications/iraq/tuwaitha.html>.
[72] Report on the 3rd IAEA On-Site Inspection in Iraq under UNSCR 687 (S/22837), <http://www.iraqwatch.org/un/IAEA/s-22837.htm>
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Name: Ma'mal al-Rabia
Other Names: al-Rabiiyah, al-Rabee-ah, al Rabee, al Rabiya; Facility 409; Al Nida, Al Nidda
Address/Location: Zaafarniya (Zaafaraniya)
Subordinate to: Ministry of Industry and Military Industrialization; PC-3
Primary Function: EMIS component manufacturing
Description:
Ma'mal al-Rabia was involved in the production of high-technology equipment for Iraq's EMIS program. Five or six computerized machine tools were located at this facility. The facility was a mechanical workshop with computerized lathe and grinding machines for the production of calutrons. The facility also produced ion sources that were used in calutrons in Tarmiya.[73]
On 17 January 1993, the United States conducted missile strikes against "the Zaafaraniyah nuclear fabrication facility near Baghdad."[74]
Key Sources:
[73] Consolidated Report on the First Two IAEA Inspections Under Security Council Resolution 687 (1991) of Iraqi Nuclear Capabilities, UN Doc S/22788, 11 July 1991, <http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/Programmes/ActionTeam/
reports/S_22788.pdf>; and "Iraqi Nuclear," CIA Gulflink, 10 May 1996, <http://www.fas.org/irp/gulf/cia/960510/65452_01.htm>.
[74] Based on the description of what was destroyed, this facility is most probably the Ma'mal al-Rabia facility. (George H.W. Bush, "Letter to Congressional Leaders Reporting on Iraq's Compliance With United Nations Security Council Resolutions," 19 January 1993, <http://bushlibrary.tamu.edu/papers/1993/93011907.html>.)
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Name: Model-1 Type Centrifuge Testing Facility
Address/Location: Building 63
Al-Tuwaitha Nuclear Research Center
Subordinate to: n/a
Primary Function: Testing of Model-1 centrifuges
Description:
Building 63 at Tuwaitha Nuclear Research Center served as a testing facility for an oil-type centrifuge (Model-1). The design for this centrifuge was based on the Zippe-type centrifuge with two rotors, an all-maraging-steel rotor with caps and baffles electron-beam-welded into place, and a carbon-composite rotor cylinder with maraging steel caps and baffles held in place with epoxy resin. Single-machine tests were carried out in Building 63 from mid-1988 to late 1990 and were terminated when Iraq's magnetic/pivot bearing centrifuge (Model-2) became available (research carried out at Rashidiya).[75]
Key Sources:
[75] Fourth Consolidated Report of the Director General of the IAEA under Paragraph 16 of Security Council Resolution 1051 (1996), UN Doc S/1997/779, 8 October 1997, <http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/Programmes/ActionTeam/
reports/s_1997_779.pdf>.
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Name: Nasser Engineering Establishment
Other Names: Nassr; al-Nasr Company; Nassr Industrial Complex
Address/Location: 10km north of Baghdad,[76] at Taji
Subordinate to: Ministry of Industry and Military Industrialization; PC-3
Size: Large machine tool and metal working factory containing 12 major manufacturing facilities[77]
Primary Function: Gas centrifuge component manufacturing
Description:
The Nasser Engineering Establishment is the location where 19 of the 25 pieces of 350 Grade maraging steel procured from abroad were machined into preforms.[78] None of these, however, was good enough for rotor centrifuge assembly.
Key Sources:
[76] "Major Sites Associated With Iraq's Past WMD Programs," UNSCOM, 3 December 1997, <http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/library/news/iraq/
un/971203_sites.htm>; Other sources cite the location of al-Nasr Company to be 30 miles North of Baghdad (Sameer N. Yacoub, "U.N. Re-Examines Iraqi Nuclear Center," Associated Press, 14 December 2002).
[77] "Major Sites Associated With Iraq's Past WMD Programs."
[78] Report on the Fourth IAEA On-Site Inspection in Iraq under Security Council Resolution 687 (1991), UN Doc S/22986, 28 August 1991, <http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/Programmes/ActionTeam/
reports/S_22986.pdf>.
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Name: Nuclear Physics Laboratories
Address/Location: Building 80
Al-Tuwaitha Nuclear Research Center
Subordinate to: Al-Tuwaitha Nuclear Research Center
Primary Function: EMIS research, development and testing of EMIS equipment
Description:
In 1982-83 Iraq moved its EMIS program from Building 73 to Building 80, where the Nuclear Physics Laboratories were established. Iraq declared Building 80 to be for plasma and ion source physics, magnet development and the future operation of a cyclotron.[79] It is thought that laboratory and pilot-scale EMIS activities were carried out in Buildings 80 and 85 (see conversion), but Building 80 was "neither designed for nor capable of producing substantial quantities of HEU."[80]
Constituting a second phase of EMIS development program, a 400mm separator was developed at Building 80 to test insulator and liner concepts.[81] In 1985, one 500mm and three 1,000mm separators were developed to test larger ion sources, multiple ion sources, and a hexagonal liner design, as well as control system and collector concepts. The separators were operated until 1991.[82] Progress was advanced to the level of constructing 1,200mm and 600mm separators for installation at Al-Tarmiya.[83]
According to the IAEA, Iraq's EMIS program produced 640 grams of enriched uranium with an average enrichment of 7.2%.[84]
Key Sources:
[79] Consolidated Report on the First Two IAEA Inspections Under Security Council Resolution 687 (1991) of Iraqi Nuclear Capabilities, UN Doc S/22788, 11 July 1991, <http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/Programmes/ActionTeam/
reports/S_22788.pdf>.
[80] Richard Kokoski, Technology and the Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (SIPRI, 1995), p. 113.
[81] Report on the Fourth IAEA On-Site Inspection in Iraq under Security Council Resolution 687 (1991), UN Doc S/22986, 28 August 1991, <http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/Programmes/ActionTeam/reports/
S_22986.pdf>.
[82] "Iraq's Nuclear Weapon Program," Iraq Watch, <http://www.iraqwatch.org/wmd/nuclear.html>; and Report on the Fourth IAEA On-Site Inspection in Iraq under Security Council Resolution 687 (1991), UN Doc S/22986, 28 August 1991, <http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/Programmes/ActionTeam/reports/
S_22986.pdf>.
[83] Richard Kokoski, p. 119.
[84] IAEA Iraq Action Team, "Fact Sheet: Iraq's Nuclear Weapons Programme," IAEA, 25 April 2002, <http://www.iaea.or/at/worldatom/Programmes/ActionTeam/
nwpz.html>; "Iraq's Nuclear Weapon Program."
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Name: SAAD-13 Establishment
Other Names: Salladine State Establishment; Salah Al-Din Establishment
Address/Location: North-northwest of Baghdad, Salah Al-Din province
Subordinate to:
Primary Function: EMIS component manufacturing; machine tools
Description:
An unnamed French firm completed construction of facilities at SAAD-13, which was done under a turn-key contract, at the end of 1984. The objective of the facilities was to manufacture high frequency military communication equipment and radar.[85] Open sources report that SAAD-13 was involved in manufacturing components for Iraq's EMIS program, specifically control panels.[86] SAAD-13 was also the site where prospecting work on an underground plutonium production reactor took place.[87]
Key Sources:
[85] Report on the Tenth IAEA On- Site Inspection in Iraq under Security Council Resolution 687, UN Doc S/23644, 26 February 1992, <http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/Programmes/ActionTeam/
reports/S_23644.pdf>.
[86] Tim Ripley, "Iraq's Nuclear Weapons Programme," Jane's Intelligence Review, December 1992; and Report on the Eighth IAEA On-Site Inspection in Iraq under Security Council Resolution 687, UN Doc S/23283, 11 December 1991, <http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/Programmes/ActionTeam/
reports/S_23283.pdf>.
[87] See Nuclear Power Reactor section for more details.
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Name: State Enterprise for Heavy Engineering Equipment
Other Names: Daura, Dawrah
Address/Location: Southeastern outskirts of Baghdad
Subordinate to: Ministry of Industry and Military Industrialization; PC-3
Primary Function: Gas centrifuge component manufacturing
Description:
The State Enterprise of Heavy Equipment Engineering (SEHEE) indigenously produced vacuum housings, molecular pumps, ball/pivot, and other components for the centrifuge.[88]
Key Sources:
[88] Report on the Fourth IAEA On-Site Inspection in Iraq under Security Council Resolution 687 (1991), UN Doc S/22986, 28 August 1991, <http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/Programmes/ActionTeam/
reports/S_22986.pdf>.
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Name: State Establishment for Heavy Engineering Equipment[89]
Other Names: Daura, Dawrah
Address/Location: Southeastern edge of Baghdad
Subordinate to: Ministry of Industry and Military Industrialization; PC-3
Primary Function: EMIS component manufacturing
Description:
Activities at this facility included indigenous fabrication of magnets, vacuum chambers for the 600mm and 1200mm systems, ion sources, and collector components of EMIS separators.[90]
Key Sources:
[89] Report on the Fourth IAEA On-Site Inspection in Iraq under Security Council Resolution 687 (1991), UN Doc S/22986, 28 August 1991, <http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/Programmes/ActionTeam/
reports/S_22986.pdf>; Consolidated Reports on the 20th and the 21st IAEA On-Site Inspections in Iraq under Security Council Resolution 687, 20 August 1993, UN Doc S/26333, <http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/Programmes/
ActionTeam/reports/s_26333.pdf>.
[90] Ibid.; Report on the Seventh IAEA On-Site Inspection in Iraq under Security Council Resolution 687, 14 November 1991, UN Doc S/23215, <http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/Programmes/ActionTeam/
reports/S_23215.pdf>.
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Name: State Establishment for Mechanical Works
Other Names: Iskandariyah State Enterprise for Mechanical Industries
Address/Location: Iskandariya
Subordinate to: Ministry of Industry and Military Industrialization; PC-3
Primary Function: Destruction of centrifuge components
Description:
The foundry of the Iskandariya Establishment was used to melt 96.5 tons of 350-grade maraging steel rods and tubes procured for the centrifuge program. The melted steel was poured into ingots of varying size. The Establishment additionally was involved in crushing the ferrite magnets into powder and melting the ring band cores. These activities were carried out before the beginning of IAEA inspections. [91]
Key Sources:
[91] Report on the Tenth IAEA On- Site Inspection in Iraq under Security Council Resolution 687, UN Doc S/23644, 26 February 1992, <http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/Programmes/ActionTeam/
reports/S_23644.pdf>.
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Name: Tarmiya EMIS Facilities
Other Names: Facility 411; Ibn Sina Company;[92] Al-Safaa
Address/Location: Al-Tarmiya, 30km northwest of Baghdad
Subordinate to: PC-3
Size: Area covering 800,000 square meters
Primary Function: EMIS Production
Description:
The Tarmiya site is a large assembly of buildings. It was being powered by an electrical substation or stations (Buildings 5, 38, 243)[93] that apparently was located approximately 0.5km from Al-Tarmiya. Power lines to the facility were buried to conceal the amount of electricity consumed at Tarmiya.[94] Upon inspection, IAEA scientists concluded that Tarmiya was a multi-billion dollar EMIS facility.[95] It was the opinion of the inspectors that Tarmiya's EMIS system could have produced 15kg of highly enriched uranium (HEU) annually (at 55% availability).[96] Tarmiya's EMIS facilities consisted of Buildings 33, 245, 57, 225, 46, and 271. Buildings 33 and 245 served as the main EMIS operations facilities.
Key Sources:
[92] John F. Burns, "Iraqi General Praises UN Arms Teams," New York Times, 13 December 2002.
[93] 4th Consolidated Report under UNSCR 1051 (S/1997/779), <http://www.iraqwatch.org/un/IAEA/s-1997-779.htm>.
[94] Report on the 13th IAEA On-Site Inspection in Iraq under Resolution 687, UN Doc S/24450, 16 August 1992, <http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/
Programmes/ActionTeam/reports/s_24450.pdf>; David Albright, "Iraq's Program to Make Highly Enriched Uranium and Plutonium for Nuclear Weapons Prior to the Gulf War," ISIS, October 2002, <http://www.isis-online.org/publications/iraq/iraqs_fm_history.html>.
[95] Consolidated Report on the First Two IAEA Inspections Under Security Council Resolution 687 (1991) of Iraqi Nuclear Capabilities, UN Doc S/22788, 11 July 1991, <http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/Programmes/ActionTeam/
reports/S_22788.pdf>.
[96] Report on the Fourth IAEA On-Site Inspection in Iraq under Security Council Resolution 687 (1991), UN Doc S/22986, 28 August 1991, <http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/Programmes/ActionTeam/
reports/S_22986.pdf>.
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Name: Um al Marik
Other Names: Um Al Ma'arik; Auqba Bin Nafi Establishment;[97] Aqba Bin Nafi
Address/Location: Badr General Establishment
Subordinate to: Ministry of Industry and Military Industrialization; PC-3
Size: A complex of workshops, containing CNC machines, in multiple locations
Primary Function: EMIS component manufacturing
Description:
The Um al Marik Establishment (formerly Auqba bin Nafi) consists of general mechanical and engineering workshops at three locations: Al-Radwan, Al-Amir, and Al-Ameen. The headquarters of Um al Marik are at Al-Ameen, within the boundaries of the Badr General Establishment.[98] The three facilities were involved in manufacturing components for Iraq's EMIS program. IAEA inspections from December 1991 stated that Um al Marik was still assembling CNC machines.[99]
Key Sources:
[97] Report on the Fourth IAEA On-Site Inspection in Iraq under Security Council Resolution 687 (1991), UN Doc S/22986, 28 August 1991, <http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/Programmes/ActionTeam/
reports/S_22986.pdf>.
[98] Report on the Eighth IAEA On-Site Inspection in Iraq under Security Council Resolution 687, UN Doc S/23283, 11 December 1991, <http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/Programmes/ActionTeam/
reports/S_23283.pdf>.
[99] Ibid.
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Name: Ur Establishment
Address/Location: 350km southeast of Baghdad, near Nassariya
Subordinate to: Ministry of Industry and Military Industrialization; PC-3
Size: Large production factory
Primary Function: Destruction of centrifuge components
Description:
The Ur Establishment is a large aluminum production factory, whose foundry facility was used to melt stocks of preformed high-strength aluminum components procured for the centrifuge program.[100]
Key Sources:
[100] Report on the 19th IAEA On-Site Inspection in Iraq under Security Council Resolution 687, UN Doc S/25982, 21 June 1993, <http://www.iaea.or.at/worldatom/Programmes/ActionTeam/
reports/s_25982.pdf>.
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Updated January 2004 |
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