| Year/Date |
Exporter |
Item(s) |
Remarks |
| 1960s |
Russia/Soviet Union |
Hot cells; medical radio-isotope production laboratory |
Hot cells capable of manipulating spent fuel |
| 1962 |
Russia/Soviet Union |
2MW IRT-5000 research reactor |
|
| 1970 to 1990 |
Chinese Government (China) |
Low-enriched uranium (LEU); weapons-grade uranium; ring magnets (assistance in building samarium-cobalt magnets); UO2 |
|
| 1975 to 1978 |
SNIA Visacosa (Italy) |
Plutonium extraction equipment (lead-shielded hot cells, glove-boxes, Pyrex micro mixer-settlers with Tygon or Teflon tubes) |
|
| Late 1970s |
SGN (Societe Generale pour les Techniques Nouvelles) (France) |
Auxiliary facilities (effluent treatment station and hot cell laboratory) |
Facilities for extracting plutonium from spent reactor fuel |
| Late 1970s to 1981 |
Aeronautics Ministry Institute of Space Activities (Brazil) |
UO2 supplier |
Shipment allegedly halted in response to publicity |
| Late 1970s to 1982 |
ONAREM (Office National des Resources Minieres) (Niger) |
UO2 |
|
| Late 1970s to 1982 |
National Laboratory of Industrial Engineering (LNETI) (Portugal) |
Yellowcake |
Supplied without safeguards |
| 1976 through early 1980s |
National Committee for Nuclear Energy (CNEN) (Italy) |
2.6% enriched uranium; technical assistance; negotiated 10-year agreement to assist in atomic energy, including reactor physics |
|
| 1976 to 1981 |
CERBAG (France) |
Highly enriched uranium (HEU) reactor fuel; built Osiraq reactor |
|
| 1976 to 1989 |
Banca Nazionale del Lavoro (BNL) (Italy) |
Four commercial contracts with shipments of major equipment; $3 billion to $5 billion of unauthorized loans to Iraq, including at least $920 million of export credit guarantees and over 2,500 letters of credit |
Indicted by US federal authorities, February 1991 |
| 1977 |
SNIA Techint (formerly SNIA Visacosa) with Ansaldo Mechanico Nucleare (Italy) |
Delivered four labs (fuel fabrication lab, chemical engineering lab, radioisotope lab, and materials-testing lab); hot cell complex for dissolving fuel rods |
|
| 1979 through 1980s |
CNEN – (Brazil) |
Nuclear materials and equipment for laboratory tests; assistance in Osirak nuclear reactor |
|
| 1980s |
Natron Consulting and Designing Company (Brazil) |
Designed plant for UO2 production |
|
| 1980 |
Hasenclever (MAN subsidiary) (Germany) |
Melting press for iron pieces |
|
| 1980s |
Kavo (Germany) |
Investigated for supplying electrical components for nuclear weapons factory |
|
| 1980s |
Lurgi (subsidiary of Metallge-
sellschaft) (Germany) |
Contracted to provide technical assistance in construction and processing of industrial pipelines |
Contract for training cancelled by German government |
| 1980s |
TBT Deep Well Drilling Technology (half-owned by Gildemeister) (Germany) |
Investigated for supplying technical equipment to Taji |
|
| 1980s |
Zertz und Scheid Ingenieurge-
sellschaft (ZSI) (Germany) |
Technical assistance (construction and processing of industrial pipelines) |
Contract for training cancelled by German government |
| 1980 |
Brown Boveri (Switzerland) |
Design of calutron magnet |
|
| 1980s |
Buehrle-
Oerlikon (see also Oerlikon) (Switzerland) |
Vacuum furnaces, components, and training |
Parent company of three subsidiaries (Balzers [Zurich], Balzers [Liechtenstein], and Arthur Pfeiffer [FRG]) |
| 1980s |
Presray Corp. (United States) |
Rubber door seals to prevent spread of contaminants |
For State Electrical Industries |
| 1980 |
EMO Electrical Engineering Corp./Ohrid (Yugoslavia) |
Equipped Tarmiya calutron complex |
|
| 1980s and 1997 |
Federal Directorate of Supply and Procurement (Yugoslavia) |
Involvement with Al Tahidi State Establisment Project 946; Built Tarmiya calutron complex |
|
| 1981 |
Sebatra (Belgium) |
Large fertilizer factory at Al Qaim for uranium concentrate production |
Plant possibly used for chemical weapons agents |
| 1981 |
Brazilian Air Force's Aerospace Technology Center (CTA) (Brazil) |
Enriched uranium to 70% U-235 |
|
| 1981 |
Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (CEA) (France) |
Heavy water and Osiraq reactor |
|
| 1981 to 1990 |
Chemadex (Poland) |
Serviced part of Iraq's large fertilizer factory at Al Qaim |
Factory produced uranium concentrate and possibly chemical warfare agents |
| 1982 to 1987 |
T.P.S. (Germany) |
Pre-machined soft iron pieces |
Material used to fabricate magnets used in EMIS enrichment program |
| 1983 |
Nuclebras Mineral Resources Department (Brazil) |
Prospected to find uranium in Iraq |
Prospected for 15 days |
| 1983 |
ENEA (Italy) |
Site training for Tuwaitha nuclear fuel production laboratory |
|
| 1984 |
Mineral Technology Center (CETEM) (Brazil) |
Analyzed uranium ore from Abu Shakir mine |
|
| 1984 to 1989 and unknown |
Leybold (subsidiary of Degussa) (Germany) |
Electron beam welders, technical assistance, and ancillary equipment (rough vacuum pumps); dual-use furnace equipment |
|
| 1985 |
Minerart (created by former Nuclebras employees) (Brazil) |
Evaluated Abu Shakir uranium reserve for Iraqi Geological Survey |
|
| 1985 |
Kloeckner (Germany) |
Contractor to Nassr State Establishment |
|
| 1985 to 1988 |
Finnigan-MAT (Germany and United States) |
Mass spectrometers |
Used to sample uranium during enrichment to nuclear weapon grade |
| 1985 to 1989 |
Tektronix (United States) |
Electronic measuring equipment via German firm Gildemeister; digital oscilloscope to Germany via MBB to Saad-16 |
Sold to SOTI, a subdivision of the Ministry of Defense |
| Between 1985 and 1990 |
BDM Corporation (United States) |
CAD equipment |
|
| 1985 to 1990 |
Carl Zeiss (United States) |
Licensed to sell microcomputers |
|
| 1985 to 1990 |
Data General Corporations (United States) |
Licensed to sell computers |
|
| 1985 to 1990 |
Honeywell Inc. (United States) |
Licensed to sell computers |
|
| Between 1985 and 1990 |
International Computer Ltd. (United States) |
Licensed to sell computer equipment |
|
| Between 1985 and 1990 |
International Computer Systems (United States) |
Electronics and computer equipment |
|
| Between 1985 and 1990 |
Sackman Associates (United States) |
Licensed to sell computer equipment |
|
| 1986 |
Bundesamt fuer Wirtshaft (BAW) (Germany) |
Nickel powder for fabrication of diffusion barriers used in gaseous diffusion |
|
| 1986 |
Canberra Elektronik GmbH and Canberra Industries Inc. (United States) |
Licensed to sell electronic and computing equipment able to measure neutrons |
|
| 1986 |
Veeco Instruments Inc. (United States) |
Computers for SOTI |
|
| 1986 to 1987 |
Hewlett Packard (United States) |
Licensed to sell electronic testing and computer graphics equipment to the Iraqi Atomic Energy Commission; Computers for operating machine tools |
|
| 1986 to 1989 |
Perkin Elmer Corp. (United States) |
Licensed to sell electronic and photographic equipment for chemical research; licensed to sell computers to use with chromatograph; Plasma spray system |
|
| 1987 |
Vereinigte Aluminwerke (Germany) |
Aluminum tubing for use in centrifuge fabrication |
|
| 1987 |
TMG Engineering (United Kingdom) |
Front company for Al-Arabi holding company of Baghdad |
Key front company in UK-based Iraqi procurement network |
| 1987 |
Axel Electronics Inc. (United States) |
Licensed to sell capacitors |
Capacitors can power the firing set for nuclear weapon |
| 1987 |
Cerberus Ltd. (United States) |
Licensed to sell over computers to Al Qa Qaa State Establishment |
|
| 1987 |
Spectra Physics (United States) |
Licensed to sell lasers and laser systems for study of laser physics and applications |
|
| 1987 to 1988 |
River Don Castings Ltd. (United Kingdom) |
60-ton rough-machined discs used for magnet discs |
Used in calutrons to enrich uranium to nuclear weapon grade |
| 1987 to 1989 and unknown |
H & H Metalform – Nuclear (Germany) |
Flow-forming machines capable of making centrifuge rotors; middleman to transfer CNC machines |
|
| 1987 and Late 1980s |
Technology Development Group (TDG) (United Kingdom) |
Invested in Swiss firm Schmiede-
meccanica and German firm H & H Metalform |
Key front company in UK-based Iraqi procurement network |
| 1987 to 1990 |
Matrix Churchill Ltd. (Formerly known as TI Machine Tools) (United Kingdom) |
Sensitive computer-controlled machine tools; high-tech lathes; centrifuge components; on-site training for Iraqi technicians; turning machines; machine tools; magnets, vacuum chambers, ion sources, and collector components for calutrons to enrich uranium |
|
| 1987 to 1990 |
MEED International (United Kingdom) |
Machine tools and equipment |
A key front company in the UK-based Iraqi procurement network |
| 1988 |
Gerber (Germany) |
Turning machines |
|
| 1988 |
Gerber Systems Technology (United States) |
Licensed to sell computers and run computer-controlled milling and turning machine tools |
For Ministry of Industry and Military Industrialization (MIMI) |
| 1988 |
TI Coating Inc. (United States) |
Chemical vapor deposition blueprint; training and manuals for accompanying TI Coating equipment |
Sold to Badr Establishment of Mechanical Engineering |
| 1988 |
Universal Voltronics Corporation (United States) |
High-voltage power supplies to General Directorate for Industrial Supply (GDIS) |
Power supplies were reversed engineered and used in EMIS program; GDIS stated that equipment was for RF generators and heating equipment |
| 1988 to 1989 |
Leybold Vacuum Systems (LVS) (United States) |
Electron beam welder with application specific mandrel, expanding mandrel and rollers, and numerical controller to assemble centrifuges for enriching uranium; five-axis CNC machine |
US subsidiary of German company |
| 1988 to 1989 |
Buderus (Feldmuehle subsidiary) (Germany) |
Technical assistance in building Taji |
|
| 1988 to 1989 |
Dango and Dienenthal engineering works (Germany) |
Special equipment for Taji |
|
| 1988 to 1989 |
Hochtief (Germany) |
Taji construction assistance |
|
| 1988 to 1989 |
MAN AG former employees (Walter Busse and Bruno Stemmler) (Germany) |
Construction and design information for centrifuges; information on patented process for oxidizing maraging steel rotors to prevent corrosion |
|
| 1988 to 1989 |
600 Services, Ltd. (United Kingdom) |
Eroda NC 650 machine tool; Bridgeport Vertical Machining Center BPC 520V machine; Bridgeport Interact 11 Mk 4 machine; Bridgeport Interact 1 Mk 2 machine |
CNC machines configured for the centrifuge manufacturing program |
| 1988 to 1990 |
Ferrostaal, SMS Hansclever, and other MAN subsidiaries (Germany) |
Contractor and supplier of universal smelting plant for Taji |
|
| 1988 to 1990 |
International Computer Systems (United Kingdom) |
Licensed to sell computers to Ministry of Industry and Military Industrialization (MIMI) and Al Atheer, the Ministry of Defense, Hatteen General Establishment, Badr Establishment of Mechanical Engineering, State Establishment for Heavy Engineering Equipment (SEHEE) |
|
| 1988 to 1990 |
Matrix Churchill Corp. and XYZ Options (United States) |
Plant to produce high-precision tungsten carbide tools |
Built at Al Atheer |
| 1989 |
Boehler Edelstahl (Austria) |
Maraging steel used in preforms of centrifuge rotors |
|
| 1989 |
Aviatest (subsidiary of Rheinmetall) (Germany) |
Machining equipment for military research complex, Saad-16 |
|
| 1989 |
Inwako – Nuclear (Germany) |
UK-made ring magnets (aluminum nickel cobalt magnets and samarium cobalt magnets) |
|
| 1989 |
Messer-
schmitt-
Boelkow-
Blohm (MBB) (Germany) |
Machining equipment for Iraq military research complex, Saad-16 |
|
| 1989 |
Rheinmetall (Germany) |
Machining equipment for Iraqi military research complex, Saad-16 |
|
| 1989 |
Transtechnica (subsidiary of MBB) (Germany) |
Machining equipment to Saad-16 |
Possible use in nuclear program |
| 1989 |
Hamamatsu Photonics KK (Japan) |
Streak video cameras and support equipment |
Stated use of equipment for auto engine research |
| 1989 |
Acomel (Switzerland) |
28 KVA high-frequency drive converters; frequency converters |
Each unit capable of powering a large number of centrifuges in a cascade to enrich uranium |
| 1989 |
Cetec (Switzerland) |
UF6 resistant valves for enrichment program |
Equipment seized in Jordan |
| 1989 |
Atlas Equipment (United Kingdom) |
Attempted to smuggle US-made electrical capacitors |
Used to trigger nuclear weapons |
| 1989 |
Endshire Export Marketing (United Kingdom) |
Samarium cobalt magnets |
For use in centrifuges to enrich uranium |
| 1989 |
River Don Castings Ltd. (United Kingdom) |
Patterns for castings manufacture to Taji |
|
| 1989 |
CVC Products Inc. (United States) |
Attempted to sell large-throat vacuum diffusion pumps |
US Customs seized equipment prior to transfer |
| 1989 |
Dupont (United States) |
Nuclear-grade fluorinated Krytox vacuum pump oil for centrifuge program |
|
| 1989 |
E Z Logic Data Systems, Inc. (United States) |
Licensed to sell computers |
Sold to Hatteen General Establishment |
| 1989 |
Hipotronics (United States) |
Power supply units (four 45-kv, 5-amp and five 21-kv, 1.1-amp), with reverse polarity |
|
| 1989 |
Siemens Corp. (United States) |
Computers for testing and control of two X-ray diffraction systems capable of high temperature analysis of mineral powders, and stress and texture analysis of minerals |
US subsidiary of Siemens; sold to Ministry of Industry and Military Industrialization (MIMI) and Al Atheer |
| August to September 1989 |
US Departments of Defense and State, and Department of Energy nuclear weapon labs Lawrence Livermore, Los Alamos, and Sandia (United States) |
Nuclear weapon detonation technology and flyer plate technology, used to control force and shape of implosive shock waves |
|
| 1989 to 1990 |
China Wanbao Engineering Company (CWEC) (China) |
Lithium hydride |
|
| 1989 to 1990 |
Interatom GmbH (Siemens subsidiary) (Germany) |
Contracted to build plant to produce steel and aluminium pipes, technical assistance, training and machinery (helium leak detectors and vacuum pumps); contracted to supply clean room |
Clean room contract blocked by German Customs two days before Iraq invaded Kuwait |
| 1989 to 1990 |
RoSch Verbund-
werkstoff GmbH (directed by former MAN Technologie employee) (Germany) |
Carbon-fiber rotors |
|
| 1989 to 1990 |
Strabag – Nuclear (Germany) |
Planning work for Al Furat pilot hall for 100-unit centrifuge cascade |
|
| 1989 to 1990 |
Consarc (United States) |
Vacuum and annealing furnaces; licensed to sell high-temperature "skull" furnaces and numerical control equipment for use in making crucibles for high-performance furnace system and furnaces |
Sold to Ministry of Industry and Military Industrialization (MIMI) |
| 1989 to 1990, 1998 and unknown |
Siemens – Nuclear (Germany) |
Contractor of computers for numerically controlled machine tools for centrifuge end cap production; extra high-precision electronic switches; computer-control system for electron beam welder; x-ray diffraction systems; numerical control units paired with milling, boring, turning, spin-forming and flow-forming machine tools; high-voltage DC switches |
Contract blocked by UN embargo |
| 1989 to 1990 |
XYZ Options, Inc. (United States) |
Powder press for compaction of nuclear fuels at Al Atheer; owner of CarbiTech of Topeka, KS, which trained Iraqis to manufacture carbide-tipped inserts for machine tools |
|
| 1989 to March 1990 |
Schaublin (Switzerland) |
High-precision turning machines; small components and forgings for the centrifuge prototype; milling machines |
Machine tools were programmed by unknown third parties to manufacture centrifuge parts; can be used to produce centrifuges to enrich uranium |
| 1989 to 1991 |
Schmiede-
meccanica (SMB) (Switzerland) |
End caps and baffles for centrifuges to enrich uranium; manufactured and attempted to ship specialty steel forgings for Iraq's first 100-centrifuge cascade |
For Urenco G-1 centrifuge |
| January to May 1990 |
Rhein-Bayern Fahrzeugbau GmbH & Co KG – Nuclear (Germany) |
Ferrite spacer magnets and soft iron ring band cores; Die-casting equipment to manufacture stator coil rings |
|
| 1990 |
China North Industries Corporation (NORINCO) (China) |
Lithium hydride used as a thermonuclear fuel constituent |
PRC denied report |
| Unknown to 1990 |
Arthur Pfeiffer Vakuum-
technik GmbH (Germany) |
Induction, resistance, vacuum furnaces |
|
| 1990 |
Export Union GmbH (Germany) |
Investigated for supplying metal to manufacture gas centrifuges for uranium enrichment; contracted to sell maraging steel |
Sale blocked by UN embargo; only a test sample delivered |
| 1990 |
Unknown Nuclear Suppliers (Germany) |
Nickel powder for uranium diffusion barriers; materials and components to produce centrifuges (aluminum alloy tube extrusions for producing molecular pumps) |
|
| 1990 |
Nukem (Germany) |
Technology and materials for centrifuge fabrication |
|
| 1990 |
Saarstahl AG (Germany) |
Investigated for manufacturing specialty metal for manufacturing centrifuges for uranium enrichment |
Only a test sample delivered |
| 1990 |
Balzers Liechtenstein (subsidiary of Swiss firm Buehrle-
Oerlikon) (Liechten-
stein) |
High temperature heat-treatment furnaces; smelting and casting installations; personnel training |
Managed all contracts between German and Swiss Oerlikon subsidiaries, and the Iraqi Ministry of Industry and Military Industrialization (MIMI) |
| 1990 |
Balzers Hochvakuum AG (subsidiary of Swiss firm Buehrle-
Oerlikon) (Switzerland) |
Leak indicators, vacuum pumps, tungsten wire |
Components for use with two vacuum furnaces associated with nuclear program |
| 1990 |
Euromac Ltd. (United Kingdom) |
40 US-made electrical capacitors, used to trigger nuclear weapons |
Nuclear program |
| 1991 |
Vertiebs Ltd. (Germany) |
Flow-forming machine |
|
| 1991 |
Nupro (United States) |
Bellow valves |
|
| 1992 |
Balzers Hochvakuum GmbH (Germany) |
Electron beam welder |
|
| 1992 |
Awmel SA (Switzerland) |
Drive converter |
Capable of driving cascaded centrifuge arrangement |
| 1993 |
Calorstat (France) |
Bellows for centrifuges |
|
| 1993 |
ImphyTecphy (France) |
Maraging steel |
|
| 1993 |
Robatel (France) |
Pulsed columns for plutonium extraction |
|
| 1993 |
Technicatome (France) |
Equipment for nuclear reactors |
|
| 1993 |
Nuovo Pignone (Italy) |
Gas-diffusing compressor |
|
| 1993 |
Alwo (Switzerland) |
Equipment |
Possible supplier |
| 1993 |
Lasag (Switzerland) |
Bottom bearings for centrifuges |
Possible supplier |
| April 1994 |
Savaco Plinke (Germany) |
Offered to supply H2SO4 (96%), low concentration 40-60% sulfuric acid |
At the time UNSCOM found documents at Al Qa Qaa State Establishment, no decision had yet been made to proceed. |
| 1994 |
Bridgeport (United Kingdom) |
Maker of equipment found in nuclear facilities |
Firm claims equipment was exported legally and diverted later by Iraq |
| 1994 |
Colchester Lathes (United Kingdom) |
Maker of equipment found in nuclear facilities by UN inspectors |
Firm claims equipment was exported legally and diverted later by Iraq |
| 1994 |
FMT (United Kingdom) |
Maker of equipment found in nuclear facilities by UN inspectors |
Firm claims equipment was exported legally and diverted later by Iraq |
| 1994 |
Hadland Photonics (United Kingdom) |
Maker of equipment found in nuclear facilities by UN inspectors |
Firm claims equipment was exported legally and diverted later by Iraq |
| 1994 |
Harrison (United Kingdom) |
Maker of equipment found in nuclear facilities by UN inspectors |
Firm claims equipment was exported legally and diverted later by Iraq |
| 1994 |
Instron (United Kingdom) |
Maker of equipment found in nuclear facilities by UN inspectors |
Firm claims equipment was exported legally and diverted later by Iraq |
| 1994 |
Lumonics (United Kingdom) |
Maker of equipment found in nuclear facilities by UN inspectors |
Firm claims equipment was exported legally and diverted later by Iraq |
| 1994 |
Millitorr (United Kingdom) |
Maker of electrical equipment diverted to EMIS uranium enrichment program |
Firm claims equipment was exported legally and diverted later by Iraq |
| 1994 |
Morgan Rushworth (United Kingdom) |
Maker of equipment found in nuclear facilities by UN inspectors |
Firm claims equipment was exported legally and diverted later by Iraq |
| 1994 |
Renishaw-
Probe (United Kingdom) |
Maker of equipment found in nuclear facilities by UN inspectors |
Firm claims equipment was exported legally and diverted later by Iraq |
| 1994 |
Wickman Bennett (United Kingdom) |
Machine tools |
Firm claims equipment was exported legally and diverted later by Iraq |
| 1995 |
Firas Trading Company (Jordan) |
High-end machine tools; production lines for making diamond cutting tools and powder metallurgy; highly sensitive plasma spray machine |
Broker for contract between Iraq's Badr State Establishment and Belstroyimpex (Belarus) |
| Unknown |
Voest-Alpine AG (a state-owned firm) (Austria) |
Magnets for calutrons |
|
| Unknown |
Danfyisik (Denmark) |
High-voltage power supplies |
Power supplies were used to power R120 separators as part of Iraq's EMIS program |
| Unknown |
Sciaky (France) |
Electron beam welders |
|
| Unknown |
Thomson CSF – Nuclear (France) |
High-voltage DC switches (thyrister oblique switches) |
Adopted the name Thales Group in December 2000 |
| Unknown |
Arburg (Germany) |
Jet molding machines with application-specific fixtures |
|
| Unknown |
C. Plath – Nuclear (Germany) |
Components for centrifuge program |
|
| Unknown |
Degussa (Germany) |
Furnaces, magnets, vacuum chambers; established Al Furat centrifuge factory |
|
| Unknown |
Dorries Scharmann GmbH (now subsidiary of Bremer Vulkan AG) (Germany) |
Large turning machines |
|
| Unknown |
Dr. Reutlinger & Sohne KG (Germany) |
Horizontal and vertical balancing machines |
|
| Unknown |
Finnigan-MAT - (Germany and United States) |
Mass spectrometers (MAT 26 machines) to work with gasses (probably UF6) and solids |
|
| Unknown |
Gildemeister – Nuclear (Germany) |
Turning machines |
|
| Unknown |
Heinzinger (Germany) |
Sold high-voltage power supplies to Iraq's General Directorate for Industrial Supply (GDIS) |
Power supplies used to power R120 separators as part of EMIS program |
| Unknown |
Kieserling und Albrecht GmbH (Germany) |
Flow-forming machine |
|
| Unknown |
Leifeld – Nuclear (Germany) |
Horizontal flow turning machines |
|
| Unknown |
Leitz (Germany) |
Three-axis coordinate measurement machine |
|
| Unknown |
Maho AG (Germany and US) |
Milling machines |
|
| Unknown |
Mauserwerke Oberndorf GmbH - Missile and possibly nuclear (Germany) |
High-precision coordinate measuring machine at Al Kindi (part of Saad-16 missile complex) |
|
| Unknown |
Messer Gressheim GmbH (subsidiary of Hoechst chemical group) (Germany) |
Electron beam welder |
|
| Unknown |
Metallextrak-
tion AB (Germany) |
Mixer-settler units capable of processing uranium and plutonium |
|
| Unknown |
Neue Magdeburger Wekzeug-
maschinfabrik (Germany) |
Turning machines with specific fixtures |
|
| Unknown |
REFU Elektronik GmbH (Germany) |
15KVA high-frequency converters |
|
| Unknown |
Schiess (subsidiary of Metallgesell-
schaft) (Germany) |
Milling, boring, and turning machines |
|
| Unknown |
Schloemann-
Siemag (Germany) |
Assistance in construction of Taji |
|
| Unknown |
SHW (Schwabische Huttenwerke GmbH) (Germany) |
Milling machines; license holder to build sensitive machine tools |
|
| Unknown |
Wotan (now subsidiary of US firm Pratt & Whitney and German firm Schiess AG) (Germany) |
Milling machine |
|
| Unknown |
Zeiss (Germany) |
High-precision coordinate measuring machine |
|
| Unknown |
DEA (Digital Electronic Automation) (Italy) |
Coordinate measurement machines |
|
| Unknown |
Innocenti (Italy) |
Five-axis gantry mill |
|
| Unknown |
OCEM (Italy) |
High-voltage power supplies to Iraq's General Directorate for Industrial Supply (GDIS) |
Power supplies used to power R120 separators as part of EMIS program |
| Unknown |
Unknown Nuclear Suppliers (Poland) |
Possible supplier of high explosives and furnished bomb parts |
|
| Unknown |
Asea Brown Boveri (ABB) – Nuclear (Sweden) |
Large hot and cold isostatic presses; associated furnaces |
Capable of pressing high explosives into shapes needed for implosion devices; both presses destroyed by UN inspectors |
| Unknown |
ABRA (Switzerland) |
Hot and cold isostatic presses |
|
| Unknown |
Aciera (Switzerland) |
Three-axis milling machines |
|
| Unknown |
Agie (Switzerland) |
11 electrical discharge machines |
For working exotic metals |
| Unknown |
Balzers (Switzerland) |
Electrically controlled bellows valves |
Capable of being used in the centrifuge program for uranium enrichment |
| Unknown |
Charmilles (Switzerland) |
Ram-type electrical discharge machines |
For working exotic metals |
| Unknown |
Dixi (Switzerland) |
Jig bores |
One was capable of being used to develop nuclear weapons |
| Unknown |
EWAG (Switzerland) |
Five-axis tool grinding machines |
Designed to operate with computers for precision grinding |
| Unknown |
Hauser (Switzerland) |
Jig bores and jig grinders |
|
| Unknown |
Leitz (Switzerland) |
Three-axis coordinate measurement machine |
Can be used to develop centrifuge parts for uranium enrichment |
| Unknown |
Oerlikon (Switzerland) |
Three-axis milling machines |
|
| Unknown |
Plasmatechnik (subsidiary of Sulzer Bros.) (Switzerland) |
Plasma spray systems |
Can be used to develop nuclear weapons |
| Unknown |
SIP (Switzerland) |
Jig bores |
Four were capable of making precision components for the Iraqi nuclear weapon program |
| Unknown |
Vakuum Apparate Technik (VAT) (Switzerland) |
Uranium hexafluoride-
resistant pneumatic valves |
Can be used in the Iraqi centrifuge program for uranium enrichment |
| Unknown |
Amersham (United Kingdom) |
33 ampoules of plutonium-238 and six ampoules of plutonium-239 |
|
| Unknown |
ELMA (United States) |
High-voltage power supplies to General Directorate for Industrial Supply (GDIS) |
Used to power R120 separators for EMIS program |
| Unknown |
Hardinge Brothers Inc. (United States) |
"Super Precision" turning lathe; capable of being used to produce centrifuges |
Found by UN inspectors at Al Atheer |
| Unknown |
Maho AG - US and Germany (United States) |
Milling machines |
|
| Unknown |
SIP Corporation (United States) |
Jig bores |
|
