| Year/Date |
Importer |
Item(s) |
Remarks |
Late 1970s
|
Iraq
|
Modified Silkworm (HY-2) anti-ship missiles
|
Range of 160km, and estimated export price of $300,000-$400,000 per missile.
|
1980s
|
Iran
|
About 100 Scud missile launchers
|
|
Late 1984-Early 1985
|
Iran
|
Technical assistance for Scud-B production facility
|
In October 1983 Iran and North Korea reach agreement for assistance in setting up missile production capability.
|
1987
|
Egypt
|
Technical assistance for Scud-B production plant
|
|
1987-88
|
Iran
|
100 modified Scud-B missiles and 12 TELs
|
|
1987
|
Iran
|
Technical assistance for modified Scud-B production
|
|
1987-88
|
Iran
|
Unknown number of HY-2 Silkworm anti-ship missiles
|
Agreement signed in 1986; some believe that the missiles were supplied by China, but Beijing insists Pyongyang was supplier.
|
1987-92
|
Iran
|
200-300 Scud-B missiles
|
|
Early 1988
|
Iran
|
40 Scud-B missiles
|
Probably part of the 100 Scuds reportedly shipped in 1987-1988.
|
1988
January
|
Iran
|
four Styx anti-ship missiles and at least one HY-2 Silkworm anti-ship missile
|
|
1988
February
|
Iran
|
80 HY-2 Silkworm anti ship missiles and 40 Scud-B missiles
|
Report says missiles came from both China and North Korea.
|
1989
|
Egypt
|
Scud-B parts, improved missile components, such as guidance systems
|
Information from retired Israeli Brigadier General Aharon Levran.
|
Early 1990s
|
Egypt
|
Scud-C missile production technology
|
North Korea reportedly helps Egypt set-up Scud-C production facility outside of Cairo.
|
Early 1990s
|
Libya
|
Missile production technology
|
North Korea reportedly assists Libya in establishing a Scud production facility near Tripoli.
|
1990s
|
Iraq
|
Unknown number of Scud-B, Scud-C, and Nodong missiles
|
Unconfirmed; in 1991 North Korea reportedly agrees to provide Iraq with Scud-B and Scud-C missiles in exchange for crude oil.
|
1990s
|
Libya
|
Unknown number of Scud-B and Scud-C missiles
|
|
Early 1990
|
Iran
|
20 Scud-B missiles
|
|
1990
December
|
Iran
|
Missile technicians
|
North Korean technicians arrive in eastern Iran to convert a missile maintenance facility into a missile production plant.
|
1991
February
|
Iran and Iraq
|
100 Scud missiles
|
Unlikely; two Iranian aircraft, loaded with 50 Scuds each, reportedly deliver cargo to Iran and Iraq. However, 50 Scud missiles cannot fit on these aircraft, and Iran was unlikely to have cooperated with Iraq at this time.
|
1991
March
|
Syria
|
24 Scud-Cs and 20 TELs
|
Syria pays approximately $250 million, and Libya reportedly helps finance transaction.
|
1991
April
|
Syria
|
60 Scud-Cs and 12 TELs
|
First delivery after agreement for Syria to acquire 150 Scud-Cs for an estimated $500 million.
|
1991
May
|
Syria
|
36 Scud-Cs
|
Missiles transported by Yugoslavian freighter.
|
1991
summer
|
Syria
|
Unknown number of Scud-Cs
|
Missiles delivered by North Korean ship Mupo and transferred to Syria via Cyprus.
|
1991
|
Iran
|
170 Scud-C missiles
|
Uncertain; Iran probably had not received all 170 missiles by 1991 because, according to estimates, North Korea would not have been able to produce 170 Scud-C missiles by this time.
|
1992
|
Syria
|
24 Scud-C missiles; missile-production and assembly equipment
|
Delivered by North Korean freighter Tae Hung Ho in March. Part of the shipment was airlifted to Syria via the Iranian port of Bandar Abbas, and the remaining cargo was transported directly to the Tartus. The manufacturing equipment reportedly destined for suspected missile factories in Hama and Aleppo.
|
1992
|
Syria
|
Approximately 50 Scud-Cs
|
A North Korean ship carrying 100 Scud-Cs depart for the Iranian port Bandar Abbas in October. Half of the delivery transported overland to Syria.
|
1992
March
|
Iran
|
Unknown; suspected Scud-B missiles
|
US officials suspect Iranian ship with Scud missiles travels from Singapore to the Iranian port of Char Bahar.
|
1992
Second Half
|
Iran
|
A few Nodong-1 prototypes
|
|
1992
October
|
Iran
|
100 Scud-C missiles
|
Half of the Scud-C shipment possibly transferred to Syria.
|
1993
|
Syria
|
seven MAZ 543 chassis and unknown number of Scud-Cs
|
In August, two Russian Condor aircraft transport the missiles and chassis from Sunan International Airport to Damascus. According to Israeli Foreign Minister Shimon Peres, North Korea offered to stop the delivery if Israel paid $500 million.
|
1993
|
Iran
|
Unknown number of Scud-C missiles
|
Possibly the same shipment of 100 Scud-Cs reported in late October 1992.
|
1994
|
Syria
|
Unknown number of Scud-C missiles and TELs
|
|
1994
|
Syria
|
Unknown number of Scud-C cluster warheads
|
|
1994
Mid to Late
|
Iran
|
Nodong-1 components or a small number of complete missiles
|
In April 1993 North Korea reportedly agreed to sell 150 Nodongs to Iran in exchange for access to test facilities and financial support.
|
Late 1994-Early 1995
|
Iran
|
At least four Scud-C TELs and possibly a Nodong MEL
|
|
1995
Early
|
Iran
|
At least 12 Nodong missiles
|
Based on an Israeli intelligence report; in April 1996, Jane’s Defense Weekly reports that North Korea may have exported as many as 20 Nodongs.
|
1996
|
Syria
|
Missile expertise
|
Syrian missile technicians spend two weeks training in North Korea.
|
1996
|
Pakistan
|
15 tons (200 barrels) of ammonium perchlorate
|
Intercepted by Taiwanese customs; bound for Pakistan’s Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission, but returned to North Korea.
|
1996
March-April
|
Egypt
|
Seven shiploads of equipment and materials for producing Scud-C missiles
|
Could have included steel sheets for Scuds and support equipment, rocket engines, and guidance systems. Possible assistance for producing Scud-C TELs.
|
1997
|
Egypt
|
Several shipments of equipment for Scud-C production
|
|
1997
|
Iran
|
Unknown missile components
|
|
1997
Early
|
Iran
|
Computer software for Nodong production
|
|
Late 1990s
|
Pakistan
|
12 to 25 Nodong missiles and at least one TEL or MEL
|
Probably part of 1995 agreement by which North Korea has provided missile technology in exchange for access to Pakistan’s range facilities and possibly for Pakistani assistance with its nuclear program. Most shipments probably in 1997. In 1998 Pakistan conducted a test flight of its “Ghauri” missile, which most experts believe to be a North Korean Nodong.
|
1998
first half
|
Pakistan
|
Unknown number of Nodong missiles
|
|
1998
mid-June
|
Pakistan
|
Several shipments of warhead canisters and missile production components
|
|
1999
|
Syria
|
10 tons of powdered aluminum
|
Originally from China, shipment delivered to the Centre des Etudes de Recherche Scientifique, the institute in charge of Syria’s missile program.
|
1999
June
|
Libya or Pakistan
|
Blueprints for the Scud-B and Scud-C; 148 crates of machinery for missile production, including: heavy duty steel presses, a plate bending machine, torroidal air bottles, and two sets of theodolites
|
Intercepted; North Korea ship Ku Wŏl San detained by India and returns to North Korea without delivering cargo.
|
1999
July
|
Egypt
|
Specialty steel
|
Probably maraging steel; shipped by Chinese firm in Hong Kong.
|
1999
November
|
Libya
|
Scud and Nodong missile components
|
Intercepted by British customs at Gatwick Airport; shipment was bound for Tripoli
|
1999
November
|
Iran
|
12-20 Nodong engines
|
|
1999-2001
|
Egypt
|
50 to 300 missile experts
|
|
2000
|
Libya
|
50 Nodong missiles, seven TELs, and nine North Korean missile technicians
|
Nodong and launcher delivery begins in July—part of $600 million deal signed in October 1999.
|
2000
|
Syria
|
Scud-D missile
|
Unconfirmed; Syria conducted Scud-D flight test on 23 September 2000.
|
2000
|
Egypt, Iraq, Libya, Syria
|
Nodong missiles and TELs
|
Unconfirmed; North Korean firm Ch’ongchon’gang reportedly delivers 50 Nodong missiles and seven TELs to Syria. Missiles possibly procured on behalf of Iraq, Egypt and Libya for $600 million.
|
2000
June
|
Pakistan
|
Missile expertise
|
10 North Korean engineers assist Pakistan with its missile program.
|
2001
|
Egypt
|
24 to 50 Nodong engines
|
Unconfirmed; some reports claim that delivery occurred in the first half of 2001, but others claim engines have yet to be delivered. Egypt insists that missile cooperation with North Korea ended in 1996.
|
2001
March
|
Iran
|
engines and airframes; unspecified number of missile components
|
US reconnaissance satellite detects missile components being loaded onto an Iranian Il-76 transport plane at Sunan International Airport near Pyongyang. |
| August 2002 |
Yemen |
15 Scud-C missiles |
|
