Early 1983
Pakistan conducts a uranium survey of over 60,000 km and discovers significant quantities of uranium ore in the Tharparkar desert in the Sind province and between Mansehra and Thakot in the North-West Frontier Province (NWFP). The sampling of the uranium ore in the NWFP indicates ore with 0.2% uranium. Exploration in Sonmiani indicates the presence of 4 Mt of heavy minerals including uranium. Uranium bearing regions are discovered in the Eastern Potwar region, on both sides of the Indus River. The places include Isa Khel, Mir Ali Thal, Khisor Ranges, Shanwah, Karak, Taman, Mindi Shariqi, Larimar, Kakhad, Pir Fatehal, Tabbiser, Massan and Soan river area as well as the Hazara district and Rajanpur.
--"Pakistan's Moving Plans," Mining Journal, 14 October 1983, Pg. 1; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 14 October 1983, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.

Early 1983
Pakistan Atomic Energy Agency (PAEC) invited bids for the architect-engineering component of the Chashma Nuclear Power Plant (CHASHNUPP). The deadline for the bids is April 1.
-- Ann MacLachlan, "The Final Stages of Work on Evaluation Procedures for Bids on Pakistan's," Nucleonics Week, 10 March 1983, Vol. 24, No. 10, Pg. 11; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 10 March 1983, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.

3 January 1983
Diplomatic sources indicate that the United States and the major nuclear supplier countries are developing new trigger lists of high technology equipment and materials that would produce a strong, common nonproliferation policy among nuclear supplier nations. An initial list of 26 items needed for building an ultracentrifuge plant is created and includes items like electrical inverters, scoops, and rotors. The United States is pushing to control the export of materials like ultra-high-strength aluminum and maraging steels, nickel-iron alloys of extremely high strength. The new list is under consideration by the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty Exporters Committee and a final decision is expected to be reached by late spring this year. Upon successful implementation of the list, the participant countries are expected to devise similar lists for reprocessing plants and other sensitive nuclear facilities. The new list is expected to provide a consensus on export controls and prevent nations from claiming that they did not know about the utility of their exports in assisting nuclear weapons programs. The Reagan administration has been working on this effort for about two years.
--Milton R. Benjamin, "More Curbs sought on A-Materials; Nations Widening List of Exports Subject to Controls," Washington Post, 3 January 1983, First Section, A1; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 3 January 1983, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.

25-28 January 1983
Pakistan agrees to prepare a bundle counter for tests and operation, install a second camera system, and put IAEA seals on an emergency airlock. Pakistan indicates these measures to a visiting IAEA team.
--David K. Willis, "Nuclear Proliferation: Who's Nest to get the Bomb," Christian Science Monitor, 25 February 1983; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 25 February 1983, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.

28 January 1983
US intelligence officials indicate that China has provided sensitive nuclear weapons design information to Pakistan. The Chinese assistance removes the need for Pakistan to conduct an early nuclear test. A nuclear test by Pakistan will lead to a cut-off in American military aid. Unlike Israel, Pakistan is not believed to possess the technical sophistication to build a nuclear arsenal without testing a nuclear device. The US Secretary of State George P. Shultz is expected to raise this issue with the Chinese during his trip to China next week. Mr. Shultz is expected to indicate that any bilateral nuclear cooperation between China and the United States will be possibly only if China provides assurances not to assist other nations' nuclear weapons programs. Reports of Chinese assistance to Pakistan emerged from the British authorities several months ago. Initially, the reports were not considered seriously by the analysts. Recently, however, a consensus has emerged over the issue. Recently US State Department officials have backed away from claims that Pakistan will be testing a nuclear device in the near future, pointing it as evidence that the US aid is working as a deterrent. Other sources point out that Pakistan's decision not to conduct a test might arise from the assistance provided by China that removes the necessity to conduct a test.
-- Milton R. Benjamin, "China Aids Pakistan on A-Weapons," Washington Post, 28 January 1983, First Section, A1; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 3 January 1983, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.

30 January 1983
China denies a news report that it provided information and blueprints for a nuclear weapon to Pakistan.
--Washington Post, 30 January 1983, First Section, World News, Around the Nation, For the Record, A20; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 30 January 1983, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.

February 1983
A US official informs a Congressional Committee that the CIA has definite proof that Pakistan and China had discussions on developing nuclear weapons.
--Simon Henderson, 'Why Pakistan May not Need to Test a Nuclear Device," Financial Times (London), 14 August 1984, Section I, Overseas News, Pg. 3; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 14 August 1984, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.

Second Week of February 1983
The IAEA places a conditional seal over the opening of an emergency airlock that leads out of the containment. The airlock opening provided a possibility for diverting fuel bundles from the reactor.
--Ann MacLachlan, "IAEA Completes its Desired Upgrading of Safeguards at KANUPP," Nucleonics Week, 3 March 1983, Vol. 24, No. 9, Pg. 1; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 3 March 1983, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.

Fourth Week of February 1983
The Director General of the IAEA Hans Blix reports to the IAEA Board of Governors that the Agency can properly safeguard the KANUPP reactor. IAEA sources indicate that the placement of a conditional seal over an emergency airlock provides the IAEA a "high level of confidence" to verify the IAEA safeguards. The Safeguards Implementation Report (SIR) for 1982 is expected to emphasize the new development. An IAEA source points out that certain electronic equipment do not possess a backup, but indicates that existing measures are sufficient under normal circumstances. Earlier, Bundle counters were installed between the reactor and the spent fuel holding pool. An IAEA source indicates that the Agency still cannot verify the number of fuel bundles entering the reactor, since Pakistan can insert fuel from its un-safeguarded fuel fabrication plant, but indicates that the bundle counters can ensure tracking of the number of bundles leaving the reactor. The issue over the re-distribution of closed-circuit TV cameras was also resolved recently.
--Ann MacLachlan, "IAEA Completes its Desired Upgrading of Safeguards at KANUPP," Nucleonics Week, 3 March 1983, Vol. 24, No. 9, Pg. 1; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 3 March 1983, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.

25 February 1983
US sources indicate that Pakistan is encountering problems in its nuclear weapons program. Sources reveal that recently 5,000 "cascades" bought by Pakistan were impounded by the Swiss authorities in Zurich. Cascades are barrel-like containers that are used to enrich U-238 by separating U-238 and the fissionable U-235.
--David K. Willis, "Nuclear Proliferation: Who's Nest to get the Bomb," Christian Science Monitor, 25 February 1983; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 25 February 1983, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.

25 February 1983
India's Prime Minister Indira Gandhi claims that Pakistan's nuclear program is not intended for peaceful purposes. Indicating that India does not fear Pakistan's peaceful nuclear program, Prime Minister Gandhi says that "I don't think they are going to use it for peaceful purposes." Prime Minister Gandhi will be meeting Pakistan's President Zia ul-Haq in 2 weeks.
--Alain Cass and John Elliot, "India Fears Pakistan Nuclear Intentions," Financial Times (London), 25 February 1983, Section I, Pg. 14; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 25 February 1983, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.

2 March 1983
In response to India's Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's comments about Pakistan's nuclear program, the Information Minister from Pakistan's Embassy in London issues a statement that "Any suggestion from any quarter that Pakistan has plans to make nuclear weapons, overtly or covertly, is baseless."
--"Pakistan's Nuclear Policy," Financial Times (London), 2 March 1983, Section 1, Letters to the Editor, Pg. 13; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 2 March 1983, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.

First Week of March 1983
The head of the Power Department in the Spanish architect-engineering firm Sener, Francisco Albisu, says that the evaluation procedures for bids on the Chashma nuclear power plant is in the closing stages of completion. Mr. Albisu claims that, following the discussions with the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC), the bids will be finalized to meet the May 1 deadline for the submission of bids. Mr. Albisu states that the initial 600 Mw capacity for the power plant was revised to 900 Mw and claims that the bid also includes a provision to build a second 900 Mw plant that will be decided 12 months after the completion of the first unit. The first unit is expected to cost $1.5 billion. Mr. Albisu states that Sener began work for the second part of its contract following the completion of a feasibility study in June 1981. The second part involves exchange visits by technical personnel from Sener, PAEC, and Nespak, a Pakistani civil engineering firm. According to Sener, about 100 Pakistani engineers are involved in the Chashma project. According to Mr. Albisu, 12 to 25 Pakistani engineers were trained in Bilbao, Spain during the first half of 1981. Following the completion of the training, 10 Sener personnel moved to Pakistan and remained in Islamabad and 2 Sener personnel commuted between Pakistan and Spain during this period. Mr. Albisu indicates that a complimentary Sener team will join the existing team in Pakistan to assist the bid evaluation process.

Nuclear industry sources indicate that Pakistan might extend the deadline for the bids in order to accommodate the resolution of political problems in major nuclear supplier countries. The PAEC had requested three options for the Chashma nuclear power plant: a turnkey contract for the entire plant; a multi-component contract, with separate bids for nuclear steam supply system, turbine-generator, and other major components; a two-part contract, with separate bids on the nuclear island and the conventional island. Any supplier submitting a turnkey bids is also expected to submit components bids. France's Framatome and Alsthom-Atlantiaque are preparing turnkey bids. Sources also indicate that the companies bidding for the architecture-engineering component of the nuclear plant are atomic-energy firms in Switzerland, Belgium, and Spain. The Swiss firm is identified as Motor-Columbus.
--Ann MacLachlan, "The Final Stages of Work on Evaluation Procedures for Bids on Pakistan's," Nucleonics Week, 10 March 1983, Vol. 24, No. 10, Pg. 11; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 10 March 1983, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.

6 March 1983
Pakistan and Niger sign a bilateral agreement for creating a joint ministerial commission for trade promotion. The two sides decide to increase nuclear cooperation in the future. Pointing out Pakistan's extensive research program in nuclear medicine, agriculture and generation of electricity, Niger's President Seyni Kountche informs the newspersons that Niger is interested in training its personnel in the nuclear industry in Pakistan so that Niger can emulate Pakistan in using its own resources. The impact of the new agreements on the uranium trade between Pakistan and Niger is not clear. A Pakistani official, while pointing out that in the past Niger has provided uranium to Pakistan with IAEA's knowledge, refuses to clarify on the present status of the uranium trade between the two nations. The Pakistani official further points out that in the event of cooperation between the two countries in the field of uranium mining technology, Pakistan, with its experience in the field, will be able to assist Niger. Pakistan has recently begun to exploit its uranium reserves in Dera Ghazi Khan in Punjab. Pakistan has recently begun to exploit its uranium reserves in Dera Ghazi Khan in Punjab. Pakistani engineers began work at Dera Ghazi Khan in December and Pakistani officials refuse reveal the mine's production capacity. The Pakistani government also denies the involvement of any American company in uranium exploration activities in Pakistan.
--"Pakistan and Niger Step up Nuclear Trade," Nuclear Fuel, 14 March 1983, Vol. 8, No. 6, Pg. 11; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 14 March 1983, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.

9 March 1983
The head of the Libyan delegation to the Non-Aligned summit in New Delhi, Abd as-Salam Jallud, denies that Libya is assisting Pakistan's efforts to produce an Islamic bomb. Mr. Jallud terms news reports describing such assistance as false propaganda against Libya.
--"Libya Denies Reports of Nuclear Weapons Aid to Pakistan," BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 16 March 1983, Part 3. The Far East, A. International Affairs, 4. The Middle East, FE/7283/A4/1; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 16 March 1983, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.

29 March 1983
The French Foreign Minister Claude Cheysson indicates that France is discussing the possibility of supplying a $1 billion 900 Mw pressurized water reactor of Westinghouse design for the Chashma nuclear power plant. Pakistan is currently conducting negotiations with the IAEA over the plant's safeguards. Mr. Cheysson indicates that France will not supply a reactor to a country that does not implement safeguards on the supplied reactor. Mr. Cheysson, however, indicates that France will not require the same level of stringent full-scope safeguards as demanded by the United States and states that France's position on the issue of safeguards differs from the position adopted by the United States. The United States is demanding the implementation of full-scope safeguards on all Pakistani nuclear facilities as a condition for the supply of a nuclear reactor. Mr. Cheysson indicates that every country possesses equal rights to access technology and says that France will not deny nuclear technology aimed for peaceful purposes. Mr. Cheysson states that France's position regarding safeguards is in conformance with the Nuclear Supplier Group's agreements which do not require full-scope IAEA safeguards for the supply of reactors. Mr. Cheysson also discusses possible compensation for the French cancellation of a contract to build a reprocessing plant. Pakistan has large debts and is expected to face difficulties in financing the Chashma project.
--"Around the World; France and Pakistan Discuss Nuclear Deal," 30 March 1983, Section A, Pg. 7, Col. 1, Foreign Desk; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 30 March 1983, http://web.lexis-nexis.com; Alain Cass, "France set to Sell N-Plant to Pakistan," Financial Times (London), 30 March 1983, Section I, Pg. 1; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 30 March 1983, http://web.lexis-nexis.com; Laurent Belsie (Editor), "France may Supply Pakistani A-Plant," Christian Science Monitor, 30 March 1983, The News Briefly, Pg. 2; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 30 March 1983, http://web.lexis-nexis.com; "Preliminary Program; Nuclear News Briefs, Pg. 25A," Nuclear News, April 1983; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, April 1983, http://web.lexis-nexis.com; "US Officials are Privately Furious over French Foreign Minister," Nucleonics Week, 7 April 1983, Vol. 24, No. 14, Pg. 5; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 7 April 1983, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.

7 April 1983
US officials are reported to be privately angry with the French Foreign Minister's statement regarding the supply of a nuclear reactor to Pakistan. US officials indicate that Mr. Cheysson's statement will be a setback for UN nonproliferation efforts and US-French relations. US officials also add that the French position over the project is objectionable owing to the doubts regarding the finances and for the project and its implementation. The officials also point out that, for the same doubtful financial reasons, Mr. Cheysson might have made the statement believing that the project is unlikely to succeed and hence France will not have aided proliferation, while at the same time signaling its commitment to provide nuclear technology to other countries.
--"US Officials are Privately Furious over French Foreign Minister," Nucleonics Week, 7 April 1983, Vol. 24, No. 14, Pg. 5; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 7 April 1983, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.

27 May 1983
In a joint communiqué issued by King Birendra of Nepal and Pakistan's President Zia ul-Haq on the conclusion of a 4-day state visit by President Haq, the two leaders pledge their support to the declaration of Indian Ocean as a zone of peace and creating a nuclear weapons-free zone in South Asia and other regions.
--"Nepal, Pakistan Issue Joint Communiqué," Xinhua General Overseas News Service, 27 May 1983; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 27 May 1983, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.

9 June 1983
A new export control list for centrifuge enrichment equipment is under review by members of the 21 nation Zangger Committee and the list is expected to come into effect this fall. The new list is more comprehensive than the existing list and contains detailed descriptions of items used in centrifuge plants and includes specifications and threshold performance standards set from a nonproliferation standpoint. The current list contains only 7 items involved in various enrichment processes. The new list contains information on the materials needed to manufacture gas centrifuge assemblies. The new list also contains describes items like feed autoclaves and desublimers that are respectively used in feeding and extracting Uranium-hexafluoride (UF6) gas in and out of the centrifuges. Information on pressure and throughput specifications is also included in the new list. The original list did not contain detailed descriptions of items and materials used in a centrifuge system due to proliferation concerns. Officials indicate that Pakistan's acquisition of nuclear technology from Switzerland in 1979 led to the efforts to strengthen existing current export control lists. The items that were exported form Switzerland were not prohibited under existing export control regulations and the Swiss government called for an expanded list of export control items to prevent future nuclear commerce in sensitive items. A smaller list of export control items for reprocessing plants is expected to be completed by the end of this year. Other ideas in the pipeline are to create working groups for heavy water production and other advanced fuel cycle technologies.
--"Agreement Nearing on more Comprehensive Trigger List Covering Centrifuge," Nucleonics Week, Vol. 24, No. 23, Pg. 2; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 9 June 1983, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.

13 June 1983
A seismic monitoring station at the Bhabha Atomic Research Center near Bangalore records a seismic event at 8 am IST in Southwestern Pakistan. The seismic event is believed to be an earthquake.
--S.G. Roy, "India Investigates Reported Nuclear Test," United Press International, 25 June 1983, International; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 25 June 1983, http://web.lexis-nexis.com; "Pakistan Adamantly Rejects Accusation it Tested Bomb," Washington Post, 26 June 1983, First Section, World News, A24; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 25 June 1983, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.

16 June 1983
Pakistan's budget for 1983-84 allocates $30 million for the Chashma nuclear power project. The project is estimated to cost $1.3 billion and the deadline for the bids is the end of July. The nuclear plant is expected to be commissioned in 1990. The budget document, for the first time, does not provide information on allocations for the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) projects, even though $28 million is believed to have been spent on a reprocessing plant during 1982-83.
--"Pakistan's Budget for 1983-84 Earmarks $30 million for the Chashma," Nucleonics Week, 16 June 1983, Vol. 24, No. 24, Pg. 7; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 16 June 1983, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.

25 June 1983
India investigates whether the source for the seismic activity recorded on June 13 at the Bhabha Atomic Research Center is in fact a secret underground nuclear blast. The Indian government states that the epicenter of the seismic event was south of Quetta in the Ras Koh Mountain range. An Indian foreign ministry spokesperson, Mani Shankar Aiyer, comments "it could be or may not be" an atomic test. The spokesperson adds that the issue is being discussed with Pakistan. The report about the nuclear explosion was carried in a news report in a pro-Soviet newspaper, The Patriot, which reported that "Pakistan has exploded a nuclear device in the range of 20 to 50 kilotons on June 13 in the mountain ranges near Quetta." A Pakistani foreign ministry spokesperson terms the news report as "totally false and baseless." New Delhi's Meteorological Office Seismology Director S.K. Nag confirms the observation of a seismic event but indicates that available data does not provide sufficient information to point to a nuclear explosion. Mr. Nag indicates that the event is recorded as a natural earthquake. Western diplomatic sources indicate that they have no indication of a nuclear explosion in Pakistan and point out that The Patriot has previously engaged in spreading disinformation on several occasions.
--S.G. Roy, "India Investigates Reported Nuclear Test," United Press International, 25 June 1983, International; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 25 June 1983, http://web.lexis-nexis.com; "Pakistan Adamantly Rejects Accusation it Tested Bomb," Washington Post, 26 June 1983, First Section, World News, A24; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 25 June 1983, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.

30 June 1983
Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) sources indicate that Pakistan is planning to raise money for the Chashma nuclear power plant by selling special "light up Pakistan" bonds to overseas Pakistanis in the Middle East. According to PAEC sources, the bonds might be used to finance the foreign exchange components for the project. Over 2 million overseas Pakistanis are believed to remit $3 billion to Pakistan every year.
--"Pakistan hopes to Raise Several Hundred Million Dollars for the Chashma," Nucleonics Week, 30 June 1983, Vol. 24, No. 26, Pg. 3; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 30 June 1983, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.

3 July 1983
Pakistan's President Zia ul-Haq states that Pakistan has taken necessary measures to protect its nuclear installations after receiving information of a planned attack on the installations. President Haq indicates that his government seriously considered the January report in the British newspaper The Observer that mentioned a planned attack on Pakistan's nuclear installations by India and Israel. President Haq indicates that the safety measures were initiated based other sources apart from the report in the British newspaper. President Haq says "There has been categorical information there were countries who were suspicious, very apprehensive of Pakistan's nuclear program and has thought of taking an action similar to one Israel took in Iraq." President Haq adds that India is not involved.
--"Shultz sees Little Hope of Lebanon Breakthrough," New York Times, 4 July 1983, Section 1, Pg. 3, Col. 2, Foreign Desk; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 4 July 1983, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.

5 July 1983
Pakistan's President Zia ul-Haq rejects news reports about Pakistan's testing of a nuclear device as a total lie and states that Pakistan will not conduct such a test, even for peaceful purposes.
--Japan Economic Newswire (Tokyo), 5 July 1983; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 5 July 1983, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.

8 July 1983
Speaking at a news conference in Islamabad, Canada's Deputy Prime Minister and Secretary of State for External Affairs Allan MacEachean says that Canada and Pakistan discussed the issue of bilateral nuclear cooperation but were not able to reach a conclusion. Mr. MacEachean states that Canada will not resume nuclear cooperation with Pakistan until Pakistan signs the NPT or accepts full-scope safeguards.
--"Canadian Foreign Secretary in Pakistan," BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 12 July 1983, Part 3. The Far East, A. International Affairs, 1. General and Western Affairs, FE/7383/A1/1; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 12 July 1983, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.

4 August 1983
Pakistan delays the submission date of bids for the Chashma plant from 31st July to 30th September. Earlier Pakistan had postponed the submission date from 30th April to 31st July. Pakistan is facing financial difficulties in funding the project. Also, France and Germany have not given the political green signal to the French and German firms to proceed with the project.
--"Bids for the Chashma Nuclear Power Plant Project of Pakistan," Nucleonics Week, 4 August 1983, Vol. 24, No. 3, Pg. 6; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 4 August 1983, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.

18 October 1983
A Pakistani named Nazir Ahmed Vaid contacts EG&G Electro-Optics of Salem, Massachusetts to buy 50 krytrons. EG&G Electro-Optics is a subsidiary of EG&G Inc, a large high-technology company based in Wellesley, Massachusetts. Mr. Vaid indicates his interest in the KN-22 model krytrons, costing $80 each, and can be used in nuclear weapons triggers. Mr. Vaid is asked to call again and speak to EG&G's customer manager John McClafferty.
--Rick Atkinson, "Use in Arms Feared; Nuclear parts Sought by Pakistanis," Washington Post, 21 July 1984, First Section, A1; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 21 July 1984, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.

20 October 1983
Nazir Ahmed Vaid calls EG&G and sets up a meeting with John McClafferty. During the meeting Mr. Vaid offers to pay amounts higher than the market price for the krytrons. Mr. Vaid's request is rejected owing to lack of documents necessary for export of sensitive technology. The firm EG&G also informs the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the US Customs Service Agents in Boston over Mr. Vaid's request. But Mr. Vaid leaves Boston before any action could be taken against him.
--Rick Atkinson, "Use in Arms Feared; Nuclear parts Sought by Pakistanis," Washington Post, 21 July 1984, First Section, A1; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 21 July 1984, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.

31 October 1984
Nazir Ahmed Vaid visits a Houston electronics company Electrotex and places an order for 50 KN-22 krytrons and places a deposit of $1,000 for the order.
--Rick Atkinson, "Use in Arms Feared; Nuclear parts Sought by Pakistanis," Washington Post, 21 July 1984, First Section, A1; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 21 July 1984, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.

3 November 1983
Pakistan's Planning Minister Mahboob ul-Haq informs the Pakistani parliament that electricity from nuclear energy can be produced at half the cost of electricity produced from other sources. The Planning Minister declares that Pakistan will complete the Chashma nuclear project and will never submit to "nuclear colonization." The Planning Minister recently received a Cost and Economic study of the Chashma nuclear plant conducted by the Geneva-based International Energy Development Corp.
--"While the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission has Postponed the Deadline," Nucleonics Week, 10 November 1983, Vol. 24, No. 45, Pg. 8; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 10 November 1983, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.

10 November 1983
Pakistan postpones the submission date for the Chashma nuclear power project bids to December 31st. Pakistani officials do not provide any reasons for the delay, but informed sources indicate that the delay is caused by financial difficulties.
--"While the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission has Postponed the Deadline," Nucleonics Week, 10 November 1983, Vol. 24, No. 45, Pg. 8; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 10 November 1983, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.

14 November 1983
A Dutch court in Amsterdam sentences Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan in absentia for stealing nuclear secrets during his period of employment the URENCO facility in The Netherlands. Dr. Kahn earlier ignored the legal summons issued for him to return to the Netherlands and stand trial. The summons was issued through the Dutch Ambassador in Pakistan.
--"Pakistani Sentenced for Stealing Nuclear Secrets," Associated Press, 14 November 1983, International News; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 14 November 1983, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.

24 November 1983
West Germany's ambassador to Pakistan Klaus Terfloth states that West Germany will supply nuclear power plants to Pakistan on the condition that Pakistan provides assurances over their peaceful application. West German officials in Bonn also confirm the statement as the official position. According to sources, Pakistan will also send e a purchasing delegation t Western Europe in the next few days. Originally, the delegation was expected to visit only France.
--"Other Reports; FRG Willing to Supply Pakistan with Nuclear Power Plants," BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 28 November 1983, Part 3. The Far East, A. International Affairs, 1. General and Western Affairs, FE/7502/A1/1; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 14 November 1983, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.

29 November 1983
According to a Pakistani newspaper report, Pakistan's Ministry of Law is working on a draft to appeal against the ruling of the Dutch court convicting Abdul Qadeer Khan of stealing secret blueprints relating to the uranium enrichment process. The Dutch court sentenced Dr. Khan in absentia to a 4 year prison sentence.
--"Pakistan to Appeal against Scientist's Conviction," Japan Economic Newswire, 30 November 1983; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 30 November 1983, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.

1 December 1983
7 developed nations including Japan, Canada, West Germany, France, Italy, Britain, and the United States meet in Rome to conclude a new agreement to prohibit products related to nuclear weapons to specific countries. The countries likely to be included in the list are Pakistan, India, Brazil, Argentina, Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Libya. The prohibited products long-range bombers and rockets, and possibly computers and other high-technology equipment.
--"7 Nations to Ban Nuke-Related Product Sale to Developing Countries," Jiji Press Ticker Service, 1 December 1983; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 1 December 1983, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.

10 December 1983
According to Pakistan's Foreign Minister Sahabzada Yaqub Khan, the Islamic Foreign Ministers' Conference accepts a resolution proposed by Pakistan to create a nuclear-free zone in Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia.
--"Pakistan Foreign Minister Hails Success of Conference," BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 12 December 1983, Part 3. The Far East, A. International Affairs, 4. The Middle East, Islamic Foreign Ministers Conference in Dhaka, FE/7514/A4/1; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 12 December 1983, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.

Third Week of December 1983
Pakistan's Finance Minister Ghulam Ishaq Khan signs an agreement with the Soviet Union for the supply of a conventional power plant. Mr. Khan also requests Soviet assistance in the construction of the 937 Mw Chashma nuclear power plant.
--"Pakistan has Asked the Soviet Union to Help in the Construction," Nucleonics Week, 22 December 1983, Vol. 24, No. 51, Pg. 3; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 22 December 1983, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.

16 December 1983
The United Nations General Assembly adopts Pakistan's resolution for the establishment of a nuclear weapons-free zone in South Asia. India opposes the resolution citing that such a measure will not provide security to India.
--"India Opposes UNGA Call for Nuclear-Free South Asia," BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, 17 December 1983, Part 3. The Far East, A. International Affairs, 1. General and Western Affairs, FE/7519/A1/1; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 17 December 1983, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.

20 December 1983
The Soviet Union indicates that it will consider participating in the $1.7 billion nuclear power plant project at Chashma. The Soviet Union also indicates its willingness to participate in a thermal power project and the construction of a multi-purpose dam project. The new initiatives are announced by the Soviet Union as part of a program to expand trade and economic ties between the two nations.
--Mohamed Aftab, "Moscow may Build Major Pakistan Power Projects," Financial Times (London), 21 December 1983, Section 1, World Trade News, Pg. 4; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 21 December 1983, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.

22 December 1983
Pakistan's Finance Minister Ghulam Ishaq Khan announces that Pakistan has requested Soviet assistance for the construction of the Chashma nuclear power plant. Mr. Khan states that the Soviet Union will examine the project and provide a response. Mr. Khan also states that Pakistan has approached the Soviet Union for the first time regarding the Chashma project.
--"Pakistan has Asked the Soviet Union to Help in the Construction," Nucleonics Week, 22 December 1983, Vol. 24, No. 51, Pg. 3; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 22 December 1983, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.

	Updated July 2006