14 February 1985
Peter Tempus, deputy director general, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Department of Safeguards, expresses satisfaction on the way in which the IAEA safeguards are implemented in Pakistan. Tempus states that "there are no problems for the IAEA in performing its safeguards inspections in Pakistan."
--"Japan," Nucleonics Week, 14 February 1985, Vol. 26, No. 7, Pg. 12; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 14 February 1985, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.

25 February 1985
Pakistan continues to maintain that it has no intention of developing a nuclear bomb and states that "all nuclear work has gone into research and development of technology for peaceful purposes."
--The New York Times, Information Bank Abstracts, 25 February 1985; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 25 February 1985, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.

26 February 1985
In response to news reports that Pakistan "tried to get timing devices whose main function is to trigger nuclear bombs," the U.S. State Department says that the Pakistani government has given assurances that its nuclear program is "peaceful in intent."
--The New York Times, Information Bank Abstracts, 26 February 1985; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 26 February 1985, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.

March 1985
U.S. Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs, Michael Armacost, travels to Islamabad in order to reaffirm Washington's determination to keep a lid on the Pakistani nuclear weapons program. More specifically, he seeks reassurances in Islamabad that Pakistan would refrain from enriching uranium above 5 percent-as requested in President Reagan's September 1984 letter to President Zia; and that it would not take other steps toward the manufacture of nuclear weapons.
--George Perkovich, "Nuclear Capabilities Grow," India's Nuclear Bomb: The Impact on Global Proliferation (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1999) p.264.

14 March 1985
Pakistani nuclear scientist A.Q. Khan gives a provocative interview in a small-circulation Urdu weekly, Hurmat. In the interview, Khan insists that Pakistan's nuclear program is entirely for peaceful purposes, yet he hints that the nation could carry out "an atomic explosion in a very short time, if required, without conducting any test."
--George Perkovich, "Nuclear Capabilities Grow," India's Nuclear Bomb: The Impact on Global Proliferation (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1999) p.264.

25 March 1985
The journal of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) claims that Pakistan has joined the small group of countries that explore and mine their own uranium, as well as refine and upgrade it to the required specifications, fabricate it as fuel, and finally burn it in a commercial power reactor to produce electricity. Pakistan's top nuclear scientist, Abdul Qadeer Khan, states that "Pakistan will supply its own fuel to its next nuclear power plant planned at Chashma." Furthermore, the journal of the PAEC states that "backed by extensive uranium exploration and mining, the fabrication of safe and satisfactory fuel bundles for the Karachi nuclear power plant has won for Pakistan, the distinction of mastering the technology of the front end of the nuclear fuel cycle."
--"AEC Journal Says The Nation Has Mastered Front End Of Fuel Cycle," Nuclear Fuel, 25 March 1985, Vol. 10, No. 6, Pg. 10; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 25 March 1985, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.

28 March 1985
The Associated Press of Pakistan reports that scientists of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) are modernizing the instrumentation and controls of the 5-megawatt research reactor at the Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology (PINSTECH), which is under international safeguards.
--"Pakistan," Nucleonics Week, Vol. 26, No. 13, Pg. 11; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 28 March 1985, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Developments, 28 March 1985, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

April 1985
Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi communicates his concerns about Pakistan's nuclear program directly to the Pakistanis themselves. In an interview with Mushahid Hussain, editor of the Muslim, he categorically rejects the notion that nuclear weapons would stabilize Indo-Pakistani relations by creating a deterring "balance of terror." "I have never subscribed to the view that 'terror,' balanced or otherwise, would stabilize anything." Furthermore, Gandhi also states that "a nuclear arms race in the subcontinent would only subject both our peoples to the worst possible fate on earth."
--George Perkovich, "Nuclear Capabilities Grow," India's Nuclear Bomb: The Impact on Global Proliferation (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1999) p.264.

25 April 1985
French Ambassador Roger Duzer makes a short visit to Karachi. During the visit, the Ambassador says that France and Pakistan are still discussing the problem of France selling a reprocessing plant to Pakistan. The two governments have had on and off discussions in regards to this problem, which involves a breach of contract in 1977 for the supply of a reprocessing plant to the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) by the French engineering firm Societe Generale pour les Techniques Nouvelles (SGN). Dozer mentions that many types of safeguards would be required for the transaction to occur.
--"Pakistan," Nucleonics Week, 25 April 1985, Pg. 9; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Developments, 25 April 1985, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

26 April 1985
Pakistan's Ambassador to India, Humayun Khan, quotes President Mohammed Zia ul-Haq as saying "we have succeeded in enriching uranium up to five per cent, but 90 per cent enrichment is needed to build nuclear weapons."
--"Pakistan Ambassador On Uranium Enrichment," Patriot (Delhi) In English, 26 April 1985, Pg. 1; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Developments, 26 April 1985, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

2 May 1985
The U.S. Ambassador to Pakistan, Deane R. Hinton, categorically rules out the possibility of cooperation between the United Sates and Pakistan unless Pakistan signs the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) or accepts full-scope safeguards on all of its nuclear facilities. During a press conference in Islamabad, Hinton faces an overwhelming amount of questions in regards to the U.S. opposition to Pakistan's nuclear program. He declares that the United States would be willing to cooperate with Pakistan in the peaceful use of nuclear energy only if Pakistan agrees to the NPT or full-scope safeguards.
--"Pakistan," Nucleonics Week, Vol. 26, No. 18, Pg. 14; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 2 May 1985, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.

2 May 1985
Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi criticizes the idea, authored by a prominent Pakistani journalist, that if "both India and Pakistan develop nuclear capability, it would stabilize their bilateral relations through a nuclear 'balance of terror.' Gandhi says that "reports of the possible direction of Pakistan's nuclear programs were of serious concern to India and a nuclear arms race would only subject people of both countries to the worst possible fate on earth."
--"India," Nucleonics Week, Vol. 26, No. 18, Pg. 14; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 2 May 1985, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.

22 May 1985
Pakistani President Zia ul-Haq tells the monthly magazine, Quami Digest, that "the United States, the Soviet Union, India, and Israel are part of a worldwide campaign to prevent Pakistan from getting nuclear technology." Zia also tells the magazine that "Pakistan had resisted the pressure and is determined to develop nuclear technology for peaceful purposes."
--"Zia Charges Exists to Stop Pakistan From Getting Bomb," The Associated Press, 22 May 1985; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 22 May 1985, http://web.lexis-nexis.com

20 June 1985
The International Atomic Energy Agency's (IAEA) Board of Governors approves the continuation of a program to help Pakistan modernize the control and instrumentation systems of its 137-MW Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR) located at the Karachi Nuclear Power Plant (KANUPP). The modernization consists of constructing a laboratory for precision calibration and testing.
--"Pakistan," Nucleonics Week, Vol. 26, No. 25, Pg. 17; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 20 June 1985, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.

15 August 1985
A United Kingdom engineering firm, Bankwood Engineering Ltd, wins a $270 million order from the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) for supply of an automatic conveyer system to handle nuclear waste drums. The firm overcame stiff international competition in order to win the award from the PAEC.
--"Pakistan," Nucleonics Week, Vol. 26, No. 33, Pg. 14; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 15 August 1985, http://web.lexis-nexis.com; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Developments, 15 August 1985, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

Fall 1985
At the United Nations General Assembly meeting in New York, Pakistan's President Zia, calls for India and Pakistan simultaneously to sign the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), accept mutual fullscope safeguards and inspections, and renounce the acquisition of nuclear weapons. This proposal is duly endorsed by U.S. President Reagan but not by Indian Prime Minister Gandhi.
--George Perkovich, "Nuclear Capabilities Grow," India's Nuclear Bomb: The Impact on Global Proliferation (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1999) p.276.

13 September 1985
The Reagan Administration expresses its concern about the "possible development of a nuclear weapon by Pakistan and about overall tensions in the region." Administration officials say that the "underlying concern," in the region is "the danger of Indian retaliation against any nuclear developments in Pakistan."
--The New York Times, Information Bank Abstracts, 13 September 1985; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 13 September 1985, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.

24 October 1985
China confirms that it is cooperating with Pakistan and other nations in the field of nuclear energy, but asserts that the program is for peaceful purposes only. "Our cooperation in the field of nuclear energy with other countries, such as France, Federal (West) Germany, the United States, Brazil, Pakistan, and Japan, whether ongoing or under discussion, serves and will serve only peaceful purposes instead of any non-peaceful purposes."
--"China Affirms Nuclear Links with Pakistan," The Associated Press, 24 October 1985; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 24 October 1985, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.

30 October 1985
The Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union (TASS) claims that India's Tribune newspaper reported that Pakistan has considerably sped up the preparation for nuclear tests in the past 10 months, putting two "enriched uranium production plants," into operation at the same time. The Tribune also allegedly reported that Pakistan is planning to test a nuclear explosive device in the Taklamakan Desert in the People's Republic of China (PRC), which will have about the same yield as the device exploded by the PRC in 1964.
--"Pakistan Said Ready To Test Nuclear Device In PRC," TASS (Moscow), 30 October 1985; World Wide Report, 25 November 1985, Pg. 43; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 25 November 1985, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

18 November 1985
The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) announces that it has rendered its judgment on the French-Pakistani legal dispute over the breach of a contract by the French engineering company, Societe Generale pour les Techniques Nouvelles (SGN), to build a 50-100 metric ton reprocessing plant at the Chashma Nuclear Power Plant (CHASNUPP). The Committee rules in favor of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC).
--"ICC Ruling Said To Favor Pakistan In Reprocessing Plant Dispute," Nuclear Fuel, Vol. 10, No. 23, Pg. 1; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 18 November 1985, http://web.lexis-nexis.com.

18 December 1985
Indian Prime Minster Rajiv Gandhi and Pakistani President Mohammed Zia-ul-Haq pledge not to attack each other's nuclear installations and to proceed with major new efforts to resolve several disagreements that have increased tensions between the two nations.
--The New York Times, Information Bank Abstracts, 18 December 1985; in Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, 18 December 1985, http://web.lexis-nexis.com

	Updated October 2006