Early January 1991
Recently, Pakistan's Foreign Secretary Shaharyar Khan and India's Foreign Secretary Muchkund Dubey conclude a third round of talks on the nuclear non-attack agreement. India and Pakistan will ratify the agreement in February 1991. Shaharyar Khan says that the agreement includes marking the locations of all nuclear installations in India and Pakistan, so that the two countries will not attack each others nuclear facilities by accident.
--"Pakistan And India To Implement Accord On Nuclear Plant Attacks," Nucleonics Week, 3 January 1991, Pp. 3-4; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 3 January 1991, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

16 January 1991
Pakistan recommissiones a research reactor at Nilore, which was originally acquired in 1965, and double its output from 5 MW to 10 MW. Pakistan designs the reactor while China provides fuel fabrication services and financing. Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) Chairman, Munir Khan, says that the plant will operate under International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards and has been inspected.
--"Nuclear Reactor Capacity Said Doubled," Dawn (Karachi), 16 January 1991, Pg. 4; Nuclear Developments, 25 February 1991, Pg. 35; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 25 February 1991, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

17 January 1991
Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) Chairman, Munir Ahmad Khan, remarks (during an interview) on the country's success in manufacturing nuclear fuel, and now, research and power reactors. Khan also thanks the People's Republic of China (PRC) for its support of Pakistan's nuclear program, especially the research reactor it (PRC) had provided. He also mentions the current negotiations for the 300 MW power reactor built by the PRC.
--"Nuclear Official Claims Reactors Being Produced," AMN (Karachi), 17 January 1991, Pg. 6; Nuclear Developments, 23 April 1991, Pg. 38; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 23 April 1991, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

24 January 1991
Munir Ahmad Khan, Chairman of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC), says that the PAEC will restart the PARR-1 research reactor located at the Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTECH) in July of this year. The reactor will be restarted after it is dismantled, redesigned and rebuilt using Pakistan's indigenous resources. Khan also says that the People's Republic of China (PRC) is assisting in fuel fabrication for the rebuilt reactor, which will have its capacity upgraded from five to ten thermal megawatts (MW). The cost of the entire overhaul will be $2.5 million.
--"Pakistan/China: Reactor Rebuilt Indigenously; Chinese Aid With Fuel," Nucleonics Week, 24 January 1991, Pg. 15; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 24 January 1991, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

25 January 1991
Chinese President, Yang Shangkun, reiterates China's support for creating a nuclear-free Asia, shortly before leaving for Pakistan and Iran. President Yang further expresses support for proposals put forward by Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, for international consultations on nuclear non-proliferation in South Asia.
--"Yang Shangkun On Regional Nonproliferation," Xinhua, Beijing, 25 January 1991, Proliferation Issues, 7 November 1991, Pg. 2; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 7 November 1991, http://www.nit.org/db/nuclear.

February 1991
The United States decides to return two-thirds of the aid that it was providing to Pakistan. Earlier, in October 1990, Washington had halted aid to Pakistan.
--"Editorial Says U.S. Forcing Adoption Of Nuclear Option," Nawa-I-Waqt (Lahore), 1 February 1991, Pg. 5; Nuclear Developments, 24 June 1991, Pg. 21; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 24 June 1991, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

21 February 1991
Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) Chairman, Munir Ahmad Khan, expresses Pakistan's support of a nuclear-free zone in South Asia, but also states that his country would only sign the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) if India were to do so.
--"PAEC Chairman Khan Defends Nuclear Policy," The Pakistan Times (Islamabad), 21 February 1991, Pg. 10; Nuclear Developments, 19 March 1991, Pp. 23-24; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 19 March 1991, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

22 February 1991
France renegades on the promise it made in 1990, to supply a nuclear plant to Pakistan. The PRC, which also promised to supply a plant to Pakistan, is also hesitating to do so. Pakistani officials say that negotiations have been suspended due to the refusals on loans. The US has apparently pressured France to cancel the deal, and it along with other European countries, is attempting to ensure that Pakistan does not import any nuclear technology.
--"Gulf War Halts Pakistan's Nuclear Plants," Nuclear Engineering International, April 1991, Pg. 10; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 1 April 1991, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

March 1991
Dr. Munir Ahmed Khan, announces that he will not continue as chairman of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC). His contract is set to expire this month. He says that the only hurdles to proposed reactor purchases from France and China are financial.
--"Khan Leaves," Nuclear Engineering International, May 1991, Pp 4, 6; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 1 May 1991, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

March 1991
Pakistan adopts the International Atomic Energy Agency's (IAEA's) scale for the gauging and reporting of nuclear accidents.
--"Pakistan Has Adopted The IAEA Scale," Nuclear News, May 1991, Pg. 60; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 1 May 1991, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

4 March 1991
Pakistani Foreign Minister Sahibzada Yaqub Khan, who recently resigned, says that Pakistan would continue its nuclear program even if military and economic aid to Pakistan are cut off.
--"Pakistan Chief Says China Ready To Proceed With nuclear Unit Sale," Nucleonics Week, 7 March 1991, Pg. 10; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 7 March 1991, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

7 March 1991
Munir Ahmad Khan, Chairman of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) says that people in the Pakistani government speak "too much" of Pakistan's ability to make a nuclear bomb, and that this is damaging to Pakistan's relationship with other countries, especially with signatories of the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT).
--"AEC Chairman Notes 'Too Much Talk," Viewpoint (Lahore), 7 March 1991, Pp. 16-19; Nuclear Developments, 23 April 1991, Pp. 23-26; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 23 April 1991, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

7 March 1991
Pakistan's Finance Minister Sartaj Aziz says that China will provide Pakistan with financial and technical details for the delivery to Pakistan of a 300 MW nuclear power plant, within two months.
--"Pakistan Chief Says China Ready To Proceed With nuclear Unit Sale," Nucleonics Week, 7 March 1991, Pg. 10; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 7 March 1991, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

11 March 1991
Japan's Ambassador to Pakistan, Kunio Muraoka, suggests that Pakistan sign the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). He adds that Japan would not cut off aid as the US has done; however, he says that Japan might consider selling a nuclear plant to Pakistan after it (Pakistan) signs the NPT and US firms might also step forward to do so.
--"Japanese Envoy Urges Nuclear Treaty Signing," Kyodo (Tokyo), 11 March 1991; Nuclear Developments, 28 March 1991, Pg. 16; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 28 March 1991, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

13 March 1991
Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) Chairman, Munir Ahmed Khan, retires. Senior PAEC member, Ishfaq Ahmad, steps in as interim PAEC chairman until a new chairman is nominated.
--"Munir Khan Retires As Chairman Of Pakistan Atomic Commission," Nucleonics Week, 21 March 1991, Pp. 12-13; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 21 March 1991, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

14 March 1991
Pakistan is upgrading a 5 MW reactor, which was supplied by the US in 1965, to 10 MW using mainly indigenous capabilities including instrumentation and control, remote handling technology and fuel production and fabrication. Pakistan also possesses a reprocessing capability.
--"Management Of 'Bomb Factory' Criticized," Viewpoint (Lahore), 14 March 1991, Pp. 17-18; Nuclear Developments, 23 April 1991, Pp. 30-32; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 23 April 1991, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

13-14 March 1991
The US and Pakistan hold a bilateral conference on the issue of aid. US Assistant Secretary of State for Economic and Business Affairs, Eugene McAllister says that US Presidential certification that Pakistan is not developing a nuclear bomb is necessary, if new aid to Pakistan is to be provided by the US.
--–"Munir Khan Retires As Chairman Of Pakistan Atomic Commission," Nucleonics Week, 21 March 1991, Pp. 12-13; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 21 March 1991, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

April 1991
China offers to supply Pakistan with a nuclear power reactor with a is based on that of an indigenously developed 300 MWe Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR), Qinshan 2.
--"Qinshan 2 May Be 300MWE," Nuclear Engineering International, April 1991, Pp. 10-11; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 1 April 1991, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

April 1991
Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) Chairman Munir Ahmed Khan does not believe that Pakistan's acquisition of two Pressurized Water Reactor's (PWR's) from France and China will pose any serious supply problems, due to Pakistan's indigenous supply of uranium and its fuel fabrication capability. However, Chairman Khan does not believe that Pakistan's Kahuta plant can supply enough fuel for both plants for an extended period.
--"Pakistan's Plans For New Reactors Won't Pose Fuel Problem, Official Says," Nuclear Fuel, 1 April 1991, Pg. 15; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 1 April 1991, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

April 1991
Dr. Ishfaq Ahmad is named Chairman of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) succeeding Munir Ahmad Khan, who served as chairman for 19 years.
--"New PAEC Chairman Named," Nucleonics Week, 11 April 1991; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 11 April 1991, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

29 April 1991
Pakistani President Ghulam Ishaq Khan reiterates that Pakistan would not unilaterally open its nuclear facilities to international inspection. He states that other countries with peaceful nuclear programs did not run them openly.
--"President Rules Out Inspection," The Muslim (Islamabad), 29 April 1991, Pg. 1; Nuclear Developments, 31 May 1991, Pg. 25; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 31 May 1991, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

1 May 1991
President Ghulam Ishaq Khan says that a regional approach to nuclear nonproliferation is the most effective way to resolve the problem in South Asia. He also stresses that Pakistan supports nuclear nonproliferation.
--"President Urges Regional Approach To Nonproliferation," Islamabad Domestic Service, 1 May 1991; Nuclear Developments, 31 May 1991, Pg. 25; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 31 May 1991, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

3 May 1991
President Ghulam Ishaq Khan proposes the convening of an international conference to form a comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. He says that Pakistan supports nuclear nonproliferation, especially as a regional issue, citing last year's bilateral treaty between India and Pakistan as a positive step toward keeping South Asia free of nuclear weapons. He is also encouraged by the INF Treaty between the US and USSR and hopes that it will aid in disarmament efforts.
-"President On nuclear Weapons, Disarmament," The Muslim (Islamabad), 3 May 1991, Pg. 12; Nuclear Developments, 31 May 1991, Pg. 25; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 31 May 1991, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

3 May 1991
The French Ambassador to Pakistan, Jean-Pierre Masset, comments on a proposed sale of a nuclear power plant to Pakistan by France. The Ambassador says that there are three issues which complicate the deal: 1.) the issue of a reprocessing plant, 2.) the financial problems and 3.) Pakistan's status as a non-member of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT).
--"French Envoy On Nuclear Power Plant Talks," The Muslim (Islamabad), 3 May 1991, Pg. 1; Nuclear Developments, 31 May 1991, Pg. 26; in Nuclear and Missile Database, 31 May 1991, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

6 May 1991
Former Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto states that nuclear testing will only isolate Pakistan. She calls for a regional approach to nuclear non-proliferation. Also, Pakistan agrees to sign the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) but only if India does the same as well.
--"Bhutto: Nuclear Testing Would Isolate Country," AFP (Hong Kong), 6 May 1991; Nuclear Developments, 31 May 1991, Pg. 27; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 31 May 1991, http://www/nti.org/db/nuclear.

June 1991
The US proposes to supply Pakistan with conventional weapons in exchange for a promise that the country will not attempt to buy or develop nuclear weapons.
--"Pakistan May Get Weapons In Gulf," The Washington Times, 11 June 1991, Pg. A8; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 11 June 1991, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

June 1991
A delegation of Pakistani Senators visits the United States in an attempt to end the US suspension on economic and military aid to Pakistan. US State and Defense Department officials tell the Pakistani Senators that the suspension (which began in October 1990) will continue until Pakistan proves it does not have and is not building nuclear weapons.
--"Pakistan," Milavnews, July 1991, Pp. 20-21; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 1 July 1991, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

10 June 1991
New information is revealed in the Pakistan National Assembly in regards to the acquisition of a French Nuclear Power Plant. More specifically, Pakistan will soon begin negotiations with France, on the purchase of a 900-megawatt power plant. France would like to supply this 900-MW power plant instead of the reprocessing plant.
--"Acquisition Of French Nuclear Plant Viewed," Nawa-I-Waqt (Lahore), 11 June 1991, Pg. 11; Proliferation Issues, 12 September 1991, Pg. 23; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 12 September 1991, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

11 June 1991
Ishfaq Ahmad, the new chairman of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC), says that Pakistan is now one of the top twelve nations in the world in atomic science, and stresses the need for nuclear self-sufficiency. Pakistan continues to work to develop a nuclear reactor and has been able to produce its own nuclear fuel. The PAEC in Karachi is trying to fill the need for trained personnel and has provided postgraduate training to 200 engineers.
--Editorial Views Challenges To Nuclear Self-Reliance," Nawa-I-Waqt (Lahore), 11 June 1991, Pg. 11; Proliferation Issues, 12 September 1991, Pp. 22-23; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 12 September 1991, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

12 June 1991
Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif proposes the creation of a nuclear free zone in South Asia and would like the proposal to be sponsored by the US, USSR and the People's Republic of China (PRC). India rejects the proposal as a "ploy for resumed military aid." Also, a Pakistani delegation travels to Washington DC to discuss the halt of American aid to Pakistan in 1990, on account of Islamabad's nuclear weapons program.
--"Editorial On Pakistan, India 'Nuclear Luxury," The Bangladesh Observer (Dhaka), 12 June 1991, Pg. 5; Nuclear Developments, 24 July 1991, Pg. 13; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 24 July 1991, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

13 June 1991
Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif speaks at the Carnegie Endowment in Washington DC and has forwarded his proposal for "nuclear nonproliferation in South Asia." During the speech, Sharif stresses the importance of ending the nuclear weapons race between India and Pakistan so that both countries could "devote their limited resources on urgently needed economic development."
--"Sajjad: Nuclear proposal Not For US Aid," Islamabad Radio Pakistan Network, 13 June 1991; Proliferation Issues, 8 August 1991, Pp. 20-21; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 8 August 1991, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

July 1991
The closure of the Bank of Credit and Commerce International (BCCI) (founded in Pakistan in 1972), in most of the 69 countries where it has branches, adds to the deterioration of US-Pakistani relations, which have also been fueled by conflict over Pakistan's nuclear program.
--"BCCI Scandal Hits Pakistan-U.S. Nerve," The Wall Street Journal, 9 August 1991, Pg. A4; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 9 August 1991, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

1 July 1991
Ghulam Ishaq Khan, President of Pakistan, will not allow international inspections to take place at the Kahuta uranium enrichment facility. The president says that Pakistan is pursuing a peaceful nuclear program and that countries do not reveal their research to each other. The press in Pakistan sees the Kahuta facility as a possible target for Israeli armed forces. Moreover, Israel believes that Kahuta is involved in military activities and could supply Arab countries with nuclear weapons in the future.
--"Kahuta Remains Secret...And Israeli Doubts Continue," Nuclear Engineering International, July 1991, Pg. 8; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 1 July 1991, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

1 July 1991
Benazir Bhutto, former Prime Minister of Pakistan and leader of the opposition Pakistan People's Party (PPP) states that Pakistan has nuclear capability and would detonate a bomb in the event that India does. In a interview with the Independent TV, Bhutto proposes an Indo-Pakistani summit to deal with the issue of regional security. She recommends that the US, the UK, or Saudi Arabia to act as mediator.
--"Pakistan," Asia-Pacific Defence Reporter, July 1991, Pg. 21; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 1 July 1991, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

3 July 1991
Hamid Nasir Chattha, Pakistani Minister for Planning & Developing and Science & Technology, speaks to the Council of Ministers of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) and focuses on the need for the SAARC to take the initiative in forming a regional agreement on disarmament and nuclear nonproliferation.
--"Pakistan: SAARC Urged To Aid Nonproliferation," Nucleonics Week, 18 July 1991, Pg. 19; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 18 July 1991, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

4 July 1991
Ishfaq Ahmad, the new chairman of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) speaks at a ceremony at the Karachi Nuclear Power Training Center (KNPTC), which provides nuclear science training. Ahmad says that Pakistan ranks in the top 12 nuclear science countries in the world and is determined to gain self-reliance in the nuclear industry. Ahmad also stresses the importance of the training efforts of both the KNPTC and the Center for Nuclear Studies at the Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTECH). Ahmad also praises the Karachi Nuclear Power Plant (KANUPP) personnel for their accomplishments.
--"New PAEC Head Says Pakistan Will Achieve Nuclear Self-Reliance," Nucleonics Week, 4 July 1991, Pp. 13-14; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 4 July 1991, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

11 July 1991
A retired Pakistani Army Brigadier is arrested on a 1987 charge for attempting to illegally ship sensitive technology with financing from the Pakistani founded Bank of Credit and Commerce International (BCCI). This arrest also creates a "new link" between the BCCI and Pakistan's nuclear development program.
--"BCCI Scandal Hits Pakistan-U.S. Nerve," The Wall Street Journal, 9 August 1991, Pg. A4; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 9 August 1991, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

11 July 1991
Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif threatens to declare war against "any country whose soil is used," in attacks on nuclear sites in Pakistan. Pakistani newspapers suggest that the group of Israelis who were abducted from Indian-ruled Kashmir in June 1991, were plotting to attack a secret Pakistani nuclear plant at Kahuta.
--"Pakistan Threatens War If Nuclear Sites Attacked," The Washington Post, 12 July 1991, Pg. A22; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 12 July 1991, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

14 July 1991
Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif calls the new Indian Prime Minister, P.V. Narasimha Rao, on the hotline, in order to discuss Sharif's proposal for a five-nation conference on nuclear nonproliferation in South Asia. India's position on the issue is that nonproliferation cannot be approached regionally but rather globally. Rao refuses to participate in "an arrangement in which no one knows what the other country is going to do in spite of the agreement."
--"Rao Cool To Nuclear Talks With Pakistan," The Hindu (Madras), 14 July 1991, Pg. 1; Proliferation Issues, 21 August 1991; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 21 August 1991, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

18 July 1991
The Karachi Nuclear Power Plant (KANUPP) formulates emergency plans which detail how the plant would deal with any emergency situations. According to the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC), the plan has been discussed with many groups that would play a role in emergency plans, including the civil administration of Karachi, the police, the armed forces, and public and technical organizations.
--"Pakistan: Karachi Emergency Plan Formulated," The Nucleonics Week, 18 July 1991, Pg. 19; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 18 July 1991, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

18 July 1991
An International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) site safety review team visits the site for the Chashma Nuclear Power Project in Pakistan and issue a report with recommendations. The team does not find anything that would make this site unacceptable. The Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) chooses this site only after studies which follow international practice and criteria are made.
--"Pakistan: Chasma Site Review Concludes," Nucleonics Week, 18 July 1991, Pg. 20; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 18 July 1991, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

1 August 1991
In Norway, Olav Henriksen, Director for Euvinds, a small Norwegian trading company, and Knut Pettersen, Export Director of Norsk Data, are arrested for attempting to illegally export sensitive electronic equipment to Pakistan. This equipment has been seized by British customs officials. Pakistan bought similar equipment from Norway in 1987 but since then Norway has increased regulations on exports. Exports to Pakistan are restricted because it has not signed the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). Furthermore, Pakistan has attempted to buy the computers from Norway but their efforts were denied by the Norwegian Foreign Ministry.
--"Illegal Equipment For Pakistan Seized," Nuclear Engineering International, August 1991, Pg. 7; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 1 August 1991, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

6 August 1991
Pakistani Senator, Mohammed Tariq Chowdhery, says that Pakistan should openly declare its nuclear capability and offer to sell its nuclear technology to other Islamic nations.
--"Self-Sufficiency Reached," Jasrat (Karachi), 7 August 1991, Pg. 4; Proliferation Issues, 29 October 1991, Pg. 42; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 29 October 1991, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

11 August 1991
A Pakistani delegation leaves for an official visit to the People's Republic of China (PRC), to discuss the prime minister's proposal on South Asian nuclear nonproliferation and other bilateral and regional relations, including the PRC's willingness to sign the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). The delegation is led by Senate Chairman Wasim Sajjad and includes the Secretary General of Foreign Affairs, Akram Zaki, and other officials.
--"PRC TO Discuss Arms Control, Nuclear Issues," Radio Pakistan Network (Islamabad), 12 August 1991; Proliferation Issues, 21 August 1991, Pg. 18; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 21 August 1991, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

19 August 1991
Wasim Sajjad, Chairman of the Senate and leader of the Pakistani delegation to the People's Republic of China (PRC), says (after returning from China) that Beijing is willing to work with Islamabad to implement Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif's plan for a nuclear-free zone in South Asia.
--"PRC To Work With Islamabad On Nuclear Issue," Radio Pakistan Network (Islamabad), 19 August 1991; Proliferation Issues, 12 September 1991, Pg. 21; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 12 September 1991, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

22 August 1991
The Karachi Chamber of Commerce & Industry hosts a reception honoring Dr. Abdul Qadir Khan, the Director of the A.Q. Khan Laboratories at Kahuta. Khan speaks about the Kahuta project and says that he has trained replacements for himself, so that the project can continue in the future, should something happen to him. Khan also speaks about the establishment of the Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute for Science & Technology, which is funded by the Bank of Credit and Commerce International (BCCI) of Pakistan.
--"Pakistan: A.Q. Khan Promises Continuity," Nucleonics Week, 29 August 1991, Pg. 12; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 29 August 1991, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

24 August 1991
Ramon Jean Hnatyshyn, Governor General of Canada, welcomes Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif's proposal for nuclear nonproliferation in South Asia, during a ceremony accepting the new Pakistani High Commissioner, Retired Air Chief Marshal Hakimullah. Hnatyshyn says that Canada will welcome any efforts leading India and Pakistan to sign a nonproliferation agreement because it would benefit the entire region.
--"Envoy Assured Of Canadian Support On Arms Control," Radio Pakistan Overseas Service (Islamabad), 24 August 1991; Proliferation Issues, 12 September 1991, Pg. 21; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 12 September 1991, Pg. 21, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

1 September 1991
Pakistan refutes India's accusation that it (Pakistan) has received uranium in secret and says that all of its uranium imports have been registered with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). India had accused Pakistan of shipping the uranium from the port at Karachi to the Kahuta enrichment plant.
--"Pakistan Receives Uranium," Nuclear Engineering International, September 1991, Pg. 8; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 1 September 1991, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

1 September 1991
The operators of the Karachi Nuclear Power Plant (KANUPP) expect to increase the plant's life by 10 years using locally produced resources. The plant is currently operating using only Pakistani maintenance (since 1972). The confidence of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) has risen after tests and upgrades have been performed using Pakistani mined and fabricated fuel.
--"Pakistan Confident On Nuclear Power For Future," Nuclear Engineering International, September 1991, Pg. 10; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 1 September 1991, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

9 September 1991
Pakistani Finance Minister Sartaj Aziz and Chinese Vice-Minister for Foreign Economic Relations and Trade, Gu Yongjiang, sign a preliminary agreement which would entail Pakistan obtaining thermal power plants from China.
--"Pakistan to Obtain Thermal Power Plants," Xinhua (Beijing), 9 September 1991; Proliferation Issues, 27 September 1991, Pp. 2-3; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 29 October 1991, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

17 September 1991
Ishfaq Ahmad, Chairman of the Pakistani Nuclear Energy Commission, states that for the last 19 years, Pakistan has supported the formation of a South Asian nuclear weapon-free zone and continues to seek a regional approach to nuclear nonproliferation. Ahmad says that Pakistan's nuclear program is entirely peaceful and necessary for its socioeconomic development. He encourages more cooperation between the developed and developing nations for peaceful uses of nuclear energy.
--"Regional Approach To Nonproliferation Stressed," Radio Pakistan Network, 17 September 1991; Proliferation Issues, 27 September 1991, Pg. 21; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 27 September 1991, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

21 September 1991
China will set up two thermal power reactors in Muzzaffargarh, Pakistan, based on the agreement signed in Beijing by the chairman of Pakistan's Water and Power Development Authority and the chief of the Chinese Machinery and Equipment Export Corporation. The cost of the reactors will be $157 million.
--"China To Set Up Two Thermal Power Stations," Radio Pakistan Network (Islamabad), 21 September 1991; Proliferation Issues, 29 October 1991, Pg. 43; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 29 October 1991, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

22 October 1991
Pakistani nuclear scientist, Dr. Abdul Qadir Khan, says that Pakistan has in fact become a nuclear power and is working on building "sophisticated arms to fulfill its requirements." This achievement comes 10 years after Pakistan setup its first nuclear enrichment plant at Kahuta in 1981 and makes Pakistan one of the few countries in the world with nuclear technology and know-how.
--"Renowned Scientist Declares Nuclear Capability," Dawn (Karachi), 22 October 1991, Pg. 1; Proliferation Issues, 7 November 1991, Pp.26-27; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 7 November 1991, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

31 October 1991
The Pakistan Research Reactor (PARR-1), located at the Pakistan Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (PINSTECH), is redesigned and upgraded, and goes critical. The conversion work allows the reactor to operate at 10 MW on 20% enriched fuel and should extend the life of the reactor another 25 years beyond its original 25-year design life. Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PEAC) engineers are considering a similar 25-year life expansion for the Karachi Nuclear Power Plant (KANUPP).
--"PARR's New Lease Of Life," Nuclear Engineering International, December 1991, Pg. 3; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 1 December 1991, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

November 1991
Ishfaq Ahmad, Chairman of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC), says that Pakistan is planning to modernize the Karachi Nuclear Power Plant (KANUPP), in order to increase its capacity and extend its life. Ahmad says that the redesign of the Pakistan Research Reactor (PARR-1) has moved Pakistan closer to its goal of manufacturing a nuclear reactor indigenously.
--"PAEC Plans to Expand And Extend the Life of Kanupp," Nucleonics Week, 7 November 1991, Pg. 10; Nuclear Engineering International, December 1991, Pg. 3; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 1 December 1991, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

November 1991
J. Hashmi, Director of Pakistan's Karachi Nuclear Power Plant (KANUPP), expects Cegelec of France to sign a contract for $40 million, in order to supply and install instrumentation and control equipment as part of an upgrading program at KANUPP. The entire upgrading program is expected to be worth $16 million.
--"French Bid For KANUPP Contract," Nuclear Engineering International, November 1991, Pg. 10; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 1 November 1991, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

25 November 1991
India states that it is "ready to consider" the Pakistani proposal for a five nation conference on the topic of nuclear proliferation in South Asia. Besides India and Pakistan, the conference would also include the US, USSR and China.
--"India Shifts Stance On N-Weapons Conference," Financial Times, 25 November 1991, Pg. 3; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 25 November 1991, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

1 December 1991
Zahid Ali Akber, Chairman of the Pakistani Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA), suggests that Pakistan's nuclear power plants be placed under the direction of his utility, in order to end international concerns that the plants are involved in weapons production. The Government's response to this suggestion is positive.
--"Pakistani Plants Go To Hydro Power?" Nuclear Engineering International, December 1991, Pg. 13; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 1 December 1991, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

1 December 1991
The Karachi Nuclear Power Plant (KANUPP), located on Pakistan's coast, is being threatened by erosion caused by monsoons. The plant's management is taking measures to deal with the problem.
--"KANUPP Threatened By Erosion...," Nuclear Engineering International, December 1991, Pg. 13; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 1 December 1991, http://www.nti.org/nuclear/db.

1 December 1991
A report, published by Pakistan's National Conservation Strategy (NCS), states that the Karachi Nuclear Power Plant (KANUPP) could be threatened by earthquakes of up to 7.6 on the Richter scale.
--"...And By Earthquakes," Nuclear Engineering International, December 1991, Pg. 13; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 1 December 1991, http://www.nti,org/db/nuclear.

12 December 1991
Abida Hussain, Pakistan's new ambassador to the United States, wants the United States to convene a regional conference on nuclear nonproliferation in South Asia. She says that a new opportunity to move forward on the issue was provided when the People's Republic of China (PRC) announced that it was willing to sign the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). Hussain also states that India has been unwilling to renounce nuclear weapons because China has them as well.
--"Pakistan Wants US To Take Lead In Ending Nuclear Race," Washington Times, 12 December 1991, Pg. A8; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 12 December 1991, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

	Updated March 2007