10 January 1989
The Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) states that it had authorized the firm Siemens AG, to export material to nuclear power plants in India and Pakistan. This claim is made as questions about sales have been raised in the FRG, following recent scandals over alleged illegal nuclear exports by other FRG firms to South Africa, India and Pakistan.
--"Nuclear Sales By Siemens," Asahi Evening News, 10 January 1989; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 10 January 1989, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

12 January 1989
The Netherlands' Secret Service re-opens its file on a Dutch engineer, Hank Slebos, a suspected agent for Pakistan who has previously been accused of helping Islamabad develop a nuclear bomb. Slebos is believed to be the top agent for Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan, director of nuclear research at Kahuta, Pakistan. Slebos was jailed for a year in July 1985 for exporting strategically sensitive material to Pakistan.
--"Secret Service Reopens Nuclear Spy Case," AFP (Paris), 12 January 1989; Nuclear Developments, 25 January 1989, Pg. 30; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 25 January 1989, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

13 January 1989
The government of India says that there is no evidence that a nuclear test by Pakistan was taking place at the People's Republic of China (PRC) testing ground located at Lop Nor. However, India is aware that the PRC is providing nuclear material to Pakistan.
--"No Evidence Of Pakistan Nuclear Test In PRC," Delhi Domestic Service, 13 January 1989; Nuclear Developments, 25 January 1989, Pg. 5; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 25 January 1989, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

17 January 1989
A visiting US delegation to Pakistan led by Congressman Stephen Solarz is informed by Pakistani President Ghulam Ishaq Khan that Pakistan will set up its own nuclear power plants within the next ten years. Khan also suggests that the US should not resort to a "discriminatory policy," in regards to nuclear proliferation in South Asia.
--"Editorial Urges Bold Policy On Nuclear Issue," Jang (Lahore), 17 January 1989, Pg. 3; Nuclear Developments, 28 February 1989, Pp. 19-20; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 28 February 1989, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

19 January 1989
The Pakistani press reports that talks will resume between France and Pakistan on the construction of a pressurized water reactor (PWR) plant. A senior French official denies any recent developments in French policy since May 1987, when France offered assistance in building a PWR. In addition, Pakistani Prime Minister, Benazir Bhutto, is planning a trip to the People's Republic of China (PRC), where she will continue the negotiation of supply of a research reactor from the PRC to Pakistan. Pakistani officials continue to reiterate their country's resolve for a peaceful nuclear program.
--"French Nuclear Talks Rumored As Pakistanis Pursue Nuclear Aid," Nucleonics Week, 19 January 1989, Pp. 11-12; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 19 January 1989, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

23 January 1989
The Federal Republic of Germany's (FRG's) Minister of Economics, Helmut Haussmann, states that the FRG federal cabinet is expected to tighten export controls on nuclear equipment and materials. These measures have been triggered by the involvement of several FRG firms in illegal exports of nuclear materials and equipment to Pakistan, India and South Africa.
--"Bonn Announces Plans For New Controls On Nuclear Exports From West," Nuclear Fuel, 23 January 1989, Pp. 3-4; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 23 January 1989, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

29 January 1989
Pakistan announces that it is planning to hold consultations with the US in order to convince the American government that its (Pakistan's) atomic program is only for peaceful purposes and its objective is to increase the production of electricity.
--"Program For 'Peaceful' Use," Islamabad Domestic Service, 29 January 1989; Nuclear Developments, 6 February 1989, pg. 13; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 6 February 1989, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

31 January 1989
Pakistan proposes a "nuclear pact," in which Pakistan would receive US-made nuclear reactors in exchange for safeguards that their (Pakistan's) nuclear program is used only for peaceful purposes.
--"Nuclear Pact Proposed," Asahi Evening News, 31 January 1989; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 31 January 1989, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

3 February 1989
US Congressman, Stephen Solarz, mentions a proposal under which the US would sell an atomic reactor to Pakistan, if Pakistan would agree to accept total safeguards for all of its nuclear installations, including the existing ones. A Pakistani Foreign Office spokesman responds by stating that Pakistan needs atomic reactors in order to meet its energy requirements and that these reactors will come under International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards. IAEA safeguards are currently being applied to the Karachi nuclear power plant. However, Pakistan does not agree that it should sign the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), nor accept total safeguards, nor agree to verification or inspection of its nuclear installations. The spokesman adds that the cause of nuclear nonproliferation in the region can be carried forward "only through non-discriminatory and equitable measures."
--"Reaction To Solarz Remarks On Nuclear Issue: Government Response," Islamabad Domestic Service, 3 February 1989; Nuclear Developments, 28 February 1989, Pg. 20; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 28 February 1989, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

5 February 1989
India's Prime Minister, Rajiv Gandhi, states that the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) has provided Pakistan with atomic technology and the atomic material-tritium. Both Pakistan and the FRG deny this claim.
--"Spokesman RAPS Gandhi Remarks On Nuclear Program," Domestic Service (Islamabad), 5 February 1989; Nuclear Developments, 28 February 1989, Pg. 22; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 28 February 1989, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

10 February 1989
Pakistan's Ambassador to the People's Republic of China (PRC), Akram Zaki, denies the claim that Pakistan is developing nuclear weapons with help from the PRC. The Ambassador says that Pakistan is against the diffusion of nuclear weapons.
--"Ambassador Denies Nuclear Help From PRC," Kyodo (Tokyo), 10 February 1989; Nuclear Developments, 28 February 1989, pg. 22; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 28 February 1989, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

1 March 1989
The government of West Germany is investigating allegations that certain West German companies exported nuclear-related equipment to India, Pakistan and South Africa.
--"The Panel Investigating The Transnuklear Scandal," Nuclear News, March 1989, pg. 88; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 1 March 1989, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

20 March 1989
The Karlsruhe Nuclear Research Center in West Germany (90% federally-owned) comes out and states that its cooperation with Pakistan is based solely on a 1974 cooperation agreement on the peaceful use of nuclear energy. The Center makes this comment in response to a news report about the export of nuclear weapons-related supplies from West German firms to Pakistan.
--"Nuclear Center On Cooperation With Pakistan," DPA (Hamburg), 20 February 1989; Nuclear Developments, 20 March 1989, Pg. 32; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 20 March 1989, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

18 April 1989
The heavy water reactor at the Karachi Nuclear Power plant (KANUPP) leaks 30-35 tons of heavy water due to the failure of a gasket. The causes for the defect will be examined by the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC), in the near future.
--"Spokesman On Leak," Islamabad Domestic Service, 14 May 1989; Nuclear Developments, 1June 1989, Pg. 21; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database , 1 June 1989, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

May 1989
The Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) shows a group of journalists the Karachi Nuclear Power Plant reactor (KANUPP), which leaked 30-35 tons of heavy water on April 18th. PAEC member S.M.N. Zaidi says that there are insufficient reserves of heavy water to refill the reactor. At the direction of Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto, PAEC chairman Munir Ahmad Khan forms a high-level committee to investigate the reactor leak.
--"KANUPP Leak Causes No Hazard But Will Keep Unit Off Line," Nucleonics Week, 25 May 1989, Pp. 2-3; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 25 May 1989, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

11 May 1989
The Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) examines the causes of the defect in a valve at the Karachi Nuclear Power Plant (KANUPP) which caused a heavy water leakage last month. The leaked water is collected and will be purified in the purification unit for reuse when the plant becomes operational after inspections and repairs.
--"Defective Valve Responsible," Islamabad Domestic Service, 11 May 1989; Nuclear Developments, 1 June 1989, Pg. 21; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 1 June 1989, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

22 May 1989
A 20-year program for nuclear power generation through reactors produced locally on the principle of "co-manufacturing," is drawn up by the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC). Prime Minister Bhutto approves of the principle, in which private industries of Pakistan would collaborate with some foreign firms in the development of nuclear reactors. Moreover, being a private-sector venture, Pakistan would not be required to sign the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), which it is reluctant to do unless India does the same. Pakistan would have the capacity to generate about 6000 megawatts of nuclear power by the turn of the century.
--"Nuclear Power Generation Program Outlined," Dawn (Karachi), 22 May 1989, Pg. 3; Nuclear Developments, 14 June 1989, Pp. 22-23; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 14 June 1989, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

June 1989
Munir Ahmed Khan, chairman of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC), announces Pakistan's entry into the World Association of Nuclear Operators (WANO) and the Candu Owners Group (COG). PAEC officials say that the technical information exchanges through COG and WAND, will help enhance the operational safety of the Karachi Nuclear Power Plant (KANUPP), which suffered from a 35 ton heavy water leak earlier this year. Canadian officials air concern over Pakistan's entry into these two groups because this will allow Pakistan to exchange information with Canadian sources which would create a conflict with Canada's nonproliferation policies.
--"Potential Conflict Seen Between Data Exchange, Nonproliferation," Nuclonics Week, 6 July 1989, Pg. 6; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 6 July 1989, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

7 June 1989
Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto speaks to a joint session of the United States Congress and says that Pakistan is willing to throw open its nuclear installations to inspection if other countries in the region do the same. Furthermore, she also says that there is a need for a nuclear-free zone in South Asia and for Pakistan and its neighbors not to conduct a nuclear test. Islamabad once again makes it clear that it has no intention of manufacturing nuclear weapons.
--"Editorial On 'Bold' Nuclear Offer To India," Dawn (Karachi), 10 June 1989, Pg. 7; Nuclear Developments, 14 July 1989, Pp. 19-20; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 14 July 1989, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

9 June 1989
Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto assures the United States Congress that Pakistan "would not possess, nor do we intend to make a nuclear device." Despite assurances from the late President-Zia ul-Haq, Pakistan has apparently been conducting a nuclear weapons development project. US President George Bush informs Bhutto that US aid would be cut off if he finds that Pakistan possesses a nuclear weapon.
--"Bhutto Denies Pakistan Has Weapons," The Christian Science Monitor, 9 June 1989, Pp. 7-8; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 9 June 1989, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

August 1989
A delegation from Pakistan led by Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto's defense advisor, retired General Imtiaz Ali, visit the People's Republic of China (PRC) to discuss nuclear cooperation between the two nations. Pakistan is looking to obtain three 300-MW nuclear power plants from the PRC. Cooperation between the two countries may also extend to the supply and manufacture of research reactors.
--"Pakistani Nuclear Delegation Visits China For Reactor Talks," Nucleonics Week, 3 August 1989, Pg. 12; In NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 3 August 1989, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

17 August 1989
Munir Ahmad Khan, chairman of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC), holds a press conference during which he notes that the "negative international attitudes," toward supplying Pakistan with nuclear technology is diminishing. Also, Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto visits France and discusses the possibility of purchasing a nuclear reactor. French President Francois Mitterrand is scheduled to visit Pakistan wither the end of 1989 or early 1990 in order to discuss the purchase of the reactor.
--"Nuclear Reactor Construction Plan Approved," DAWN (Karachi), 17 August 1989, Pg. 1; Nuclear Developments, 6 October 1989, Pp. 24-25; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 6 October 1989, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

24 August 1989
The Karachi Nuclear Power Plant (KANUPP) expects to return to operation next month after suffering a heavy water leak. The Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) assures the public that there is neither radiation damage nor did anyone receive radiation dosage. The PAEC exchanges information worldwide through the World Association of Nuclear Operators (WANO). Furthermore, the Pakistani government approves a five-year program to develop an indigenous capacity to design and manufacture nuclear power plants. This new nuclear power policy is meant to ensure that ultimately Pakistan will control its energy future.
--"With Heavy Water Purified, KANUPP Is ready To Restart," Nucleonics Week, 24 August 1989, Pg. 4; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 24 August 1989, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

21 September 1989
Pakistan's minister of state for parliamentary affairs, Dr. Sher Afghan, states that France has expressed an interest in selling Pakistan a nuclear reactor under International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards without insisting that Pakistan should sign the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT).
--"Senate Informed Of Nuclear Power Plans," Islamabad Overseas Service, 21 September 1989; Nuclear Developments, 6 October 1989, Pg. 23; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 6 October 1989, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

1 October 1989
The Atomic Energy Commissions of India and Pakistan sign a "strictly limited," agreement between themselves and the CANDU Owners Group (COG) in order to share information on CANDU operations. The agreement covers only information in the public domain and non relating to new technology or the exchange of material and equipment.
--"India, Pakistan Join COG," Nuclear Engineering International, October 1989, Pg. 10; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 1 October 1989, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

19 October 1989
Pakistani Production Minister Shahid Zafar will hold talks with South Korean government and industry officials next week in South Korea, to explore the possibilities for cooperation in building nuclear power plants in Pakistan. South Korean firms have shown interests in the past, in regards to supplying nuclear power plants to Pakistan.
--"Pakistan: Talks With South Korea," Nucleonics Week, 19 October 1989, Pg. 14; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 19 October 1989, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

15 November 1989
Pakistan forms an agreement with The People's Republic of China (PRC) on the advancement of its (Pakistan's) nuclear program. The finalization of the agreement coincides with the visit of Chinese Premiere Li Peng to Islamabad. Under the agreement, the PRC will help Pakistan build a 300 MW nuclear plant and will provide fuel and spares for the plant. A senior official of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) states that the nuclear plant will be a pressurized water reactor guaranteed by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) for safety and that the construction will commence in 1990 after the formal agreement between the PRC and Pakistan is signed.
--"Pakistani Official On Reactor," XINHUA (Beijing), 20 November 1989; Nuclear Developments, 26 December 1989, Pg. 1; in NTI Nuclear and Missile Database, 26 December 1989, http://www.nti.org/db/nuclear.

	Updated May 2007