Jan 1994 [N] Negotiations on a CTBT
begin in the Ad Hoc Committee at the Conference on
Disarmament.
Jan 14 1994 [N] Presidents Clinton and Yeltsin
meet in Moscow and affirm both countries' support for a CTBT. Clinton and Yeltsin
announce that, by the end of May, U.S. and Russian missiles will target no country.
A declaration signed by the two presidents states, "For the first time since
the earliest days of the Nuclear Age, the two countries will no longer operate
nuclear forces, day-to-day, in a manner that presumes they are enemies."
Jan 14 1994 [N] A Trilateral
Statement on the Non-Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction and the Means
of their Delivery by the Presidents of the United States, Russia, and Ukraine
is signed in Moscow. The statement details the procedures for the transfer of
Ukrainian nuclear warheads to Russia and associated compensation and security
assurances.
Jan 25 1994 [N] The Conference
on Disarmament begins consultations on the most appropriate arrangement
to negotiate a treaty on the prohibition of the production of fissile material
for weapons purposes (FMCT).
Feb 14 1994 [N] Kazakhstan accedes to the NPT
as a non-nuclear weapon
state.
Feb 20 1994 [N] Mordechai Vanunu is put in solitary
confinement in an Israeli prison for publicly exposing his government's secret
development of nuclear weapons.
March 11-14 1994 [M] A U.S. State Department
visit to China fails to break the impasse in the negotiations to get China to
sign the MTCR. The United States will
lift the sanctions on China, which were imposed on August 25, 1993 for selling
M-11 missiles to Pakistan, if China formally signs the MTCR and "comes to an
understanding" concerning future Chinese missile and missile technology transfers
to Pakistan.
March 14 1994 [N] President Bill Clinton extends
the U.S. nuclear testing moratorium through September 1995.
May 10 1994 [N] German officials seize 0.19 ounces
of Plutonium-239 in Stuttgart.
The material is believed to be from the former Soviet Union.
June 1994 [N] The Canadian Ambassador to the Conference
on Disarmament announces that consensus exists among CD members that the CD
is the appropriate forum for the negotiation of a FMCT.
June 3 1994 [M] India test fires its Prithvi medium-range
missile.
June 23 1994 [N] U.S. Vice President Al Gore and
Russian Prime Minister Viktor Chernomyrdin sign an agreement to shut down the
remaining plutonium production reactors operating in Russia by the year 2000.
Aug 10 1994 [N] In Germany, 19.75 ounces of mixed
oxide uranium-plutonium nuclear reactor fuel are sized at the Munich Airport
from a flight originating in Moscow. The discovery
raises international concern about the lack of adequate security measures in
place at the nuclear power facilities throughout the former Soviet Union and
the level of security at the border and customs.
Sept 19-20 1994 [B] The 79 state-parties attending
a Special Conference on Biological Weapons in Geneva agree to establish the
Ad Hoc Group to consider the 21 verification measures suggested by VEREX
and make proposals to strengthen the treaty at the fourth BWC
review conference in late 1996.
Sept 20 1994 [N] The International Convention
on Nuclear Safety is opened for signature in Vienna. Parties
agree to develop and implement safety guidelines for their domestic nuclear
power industry. In addition, parties must create a regulatory commission for
the nuclear power industry that is effectively separated from the regulated
industry and from government organizations that promote nuclear power.
Sept 28 1994 [M] During a Washington, DC summit,
U.S. President Bill Clinton and Russian President Boris Yeltsin issue a joint
statement that they have "agreed on the fundamental importance of preserving
the viability and integrity of the ABM Treaty"
and that both sides have "an interest in developing and fielding effective theater
missile defense systems on a cooperative basis."
Oct 4 1994 [M] Chinese Foreign Minister
Qian Qichen and U.S. Secretary of State Warren Christopher sign the "Joint United
States-People's Republic of China Statement on Missile Proliferation." By signing
the statement, China agrees to restrictions on missiles if they have the "inherent
capability" to be modified to specifications covered under MTCR
guidelines, "regardless of [their] demonstrated or advertised combination of
range and payload." China does not sign the MTCR. However, China and the United
States agree to "hold in-depth discussions" on the MTCR and the possibility
of China's eventual membership in the regime.
Oct 23 1994 [N] The United States and the Democratic
People's Republic of Korea (DPRK or North Korea) sign an "Agreed
Framework" to freeze the North Korean nuclear program and halt the DPRK's
withdrawal from the NPT. In exchange, the United States, South Korea, and Japan
will build light-water reactors to supply the DPRK with power and will provide
oil for energy in the interim. [See KEDO]
Nov 27 1994 [N] U.S. officials announce the completion
of Project Sapphire. The United States purchased approximately half a ton of
HEU from Kazakhstan
and transported it to the United States. The materials were considered vulnerable
to theft and to terrorists.
Dec 8 1994 [N] Ukraine officially joins the NPT
as a non-nuclear weapon
state. With their adoption of the NPT, START
I enters into force.
Dec 14 1994 [N] In Prague, Czech Republic, Police
discover six pounds of weapons-grade
uranium. Officials believe the uranium was smuggled out of Russia.
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